Bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite for use as an artificial dural substitute

Abstract

A novel bilayer knitted fabric-reinforced composite for potentially being used as a dural substitute was developed by solution infiltration of oxidized regenerated cellulose knitted fabric (ORC) with poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) solution at various concentrations ranging 10-40 g/100 mL. It was found that the density of all formulations did not differ significantly and was lower than that of the human dura. Microstructure of the samples typically comprised a bilayer structure having a nonporous PCL layer on one side and the ORC/PCL composite layer on another side. Tensile modulus and strength of the samples initially decreased with increasing PCL solution concentration for up to 20 g/100 mL and re-increased again with further increasing PCL solution concentration. Strain at break of all formulations were not significantly different. Watertight test revealed that all composites could prevent leakage at the pressure within the normal range of intracranial pressure. In vitro degradation study revealed that the weight loss percentage and change in tensile properties of all samples displayed biphasic profile comprising an initially rapid decrease and followed by a gradual decrease with incubation times afterward. Micro and macro porous channels were observed to be in situ generated in the composite layer by ORC dissolution and PCL resorption during degradation while nonporous layer remained relatively unchanged. The degradation rate was found to decrease with increasing PCL solution concentration. In vitro biocompatibility using alamar blue assay on selected samples showed that fibroblasts could attach and proliferate well at all incubation periods.

Large retrospective study of artificial dura substitute in patients with traumatic brain injury undergo decompressive craniectomy

“…Many materials have been studied for dura mater repair in patients with TBI, including silicon‐coated Dacron (Ongkiko, Keller, Mayfield, & Dunsker, ), reconstituted collagen foil (Pettorini et al., ), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) porous material (Matsumoto et al., ), bioabsorbable polymers (Yamada et al., ), and nonabsorbable Neuro‐Patch (Huang et al., ). And some newly developed biomaterials show promising effect in animal models, such as poly (glycolide‐co‐lactide)/type I collagen/chitosan artificial (Bai, Wang, Yuan, Wang, & Wang, ), and cellulose knitted fabric (Suwanprateeb et al., ). Complications, such as capsule formation, hemorrhage, and extra‐axial hematoma formation, were reported caused by these materials (Huang et al., ; Matsumoto et al., ; Ongkiko et al., ).…”

Performance evaluation of bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly ε-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composites for dural substitution

“…Two ORC/PCL composites formulations were prepared based on previous study. 16 In total, 10 or 20 g of PCL (M n ffi 80,000, Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 100 mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Ashland Inc., United States) and coated on both sides of ORC knitted sheet (Surgicelä Nu-Knitä, Ethicon Inc., United States) and followed by recoating the PCL solution on one side of the infiltrated sheet, designated P10 and P20, respectively. After coating, the samples were submerged in water to solidify the PCL and to leach out the solvent and they were then further dried in the oven.…”

“…15 A combination of these two polymers to fabricate a new bilayer oxidized regenerated cellulose/poly e-caprolactone knitted fabric-reinforced composite (ORC/PCL composites) was, thus, recently developed. 16 The base idea of development was to mimic the bilayer planar composite nature of natural dura mater and having two different morphologies in one membrane. The main benefits of knitted fabric-reinforced composites over filled or fiberreinforced composites are the remarkable drapability and low planar stiffness due to the interlooped nature of the fibers which would be beneficial for using as dural substitute.…”

Research and application progress on dural substitutes

“…However, ensuring the watertightness of the material is an important issue for its clinical application and is particularly critical for repairing spinal dura mater (spinal dura mater bears higher hydrostatic pressure than cerebral dura mater). Some scholars have tried to improve the watertightness of dural substitutes by controlling the size of fiber pores and adding hydrophobic material to the surface of synthetic substitutes [40].…”