Bilateral EpididymalCandida abscesses:Sonographic findings and sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration

Physiologically, the endocrinologic interplay between testes and pituitary gland results in the production of spermatozoa. Before serving their role in fertilizing oocytes, spermatozoa must exit the testis and pass through a complex excurrent ductal system that includes the efferent ductules, epididymis, and vas deferens, which leads to the ejaculatory duct. Pathological conditions in any part of the excurrent ductal system obviously may have a significant effect on spermatozoa transport, resulting in subfertility or infertility. In addition to spermatozoa, semen is composed of secretions from a series of glandular organs, including the prostate, seminal vesicles, the bulbourethral (Cowper) gland and periurethral (Littré) gland. Collectively, these organs are known as the male accessory glands.Various inflammatory conditions, including microbial infection, are by far the most common pathology encountered in the male reproductive system. The term male accessory gland inflammation 1 describes a broad spectrum of inflammatory conditions involving the male accessory glands. The prostate gland and the seminal vesicles together produce about 90% of the ejaculate volume. Although inflammatory conditions of these organs (prostatitis and seminal vesiculitis) are important clinical topics in andrology (Weidner et al, 1998a,b), in this review our discussion will focus mainly on the various inflammatory conditions of the excurrent ductal system. In Part I of this review, our discussion will focus mainly on the various inflammatory conditions of the epididymis and efferent ductile. In Part II, we will discuss the rarely described subject of vasitis and address the management issues and fertility effects of excurrent ductal inflammation.

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Yeast Infections of the Lower Urinary Tract: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment

Revankar

Sobel

2010

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

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Yeast infections of the lower urinary tract are common, with the vast majority due to Candida species. Though not life-threatening, candiduria may be a marker for overall severity of illness in hospitalized patients, as it appears to predict increased mortality, particularly in critically ill patients. Diagnosis is relatively simple through culture, but exact definitions of clinical disease are elusive. Management of asymptomatic patients is generally observation with reduction of predisposing factors, whereas symptomatic patients should be treated. Therapeutic options for these infections are limited and not well studied compared with therapies for systemic candidiasis. Further studies are needed to optimize management of these patients.

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Bilateral EpididymalCandida abscesses:Sonographic findings and sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Inflammatory Conditions of the Male Excurrent Ductal System. Part I.

Inflammatory Conditions of the Male Excurrent Ductal System. Part I.

Epididymitis and Other Inflammatory Conditions of the Male Excurrent Ductal System

Yeast Infections of the Lower Urinary Tract: Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment

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