Bifunctional Organic Spacers for Formamidinium-Based Hybrid Dion–Jacobson Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells

Li, Yang; Milić, Jovana V.; Ummadisingu, Amita; Seo, Ji‐Youn; Im, Jeong‐Hyeok; Kim, Hui-Seo; Liu, Yuhang; Dar, M. Ibrahim; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Wang, Peng; Hagfeldt, Anders; Grätzel, Michaël

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03552

Cited by 231 publications

(300 citation statements)

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“…[36][37][38][39][40] We therefore probed the long-term performance of 2D perovskite solar cells (Figure 8) by measuring the stability under inert and humid ambient air conditions ( Figure 8a and Figure S14, Supporting Information, respectively). [36][37][38][39][40] We therefore probed the long-term performance of 2D perovskite solar cells (Figure 8) by measuring the stability under inert and humid ambient air conditions ( Figure 8a and Figure S14, Supporting Information, respectively).…”

Section: Long-term Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Engineering for Formamidinium‐Based Layered 2D Perovskite Solar Cells: Structural Complexity and Dynamics Revealed by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

Milić

Kubicki

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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149

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represent a class of materials described by the general formula S 2 Y n−1 M n X 3n+1 , where S (typically C m H 2m+1 NH 3 + ) and Y (typically methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), or their mixtures) are organic cations, M is a divalent metal cation (Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ ), and X is a halide ion (Br − , I − ). RPPs form layered structures of perovskite-like slabs separated by the organic ammonium cation spacers (S), where the value of n represents the number of layers of [MX 6 ] 4− octahedra in the stack (Figure 1a; n = 1-3). These structural features render the RPPs natural quantum wells where the number of layers in conjunction with the nature of the spacer group determines the optoelectronic properties. [1][2][3] While MA-based layered perovskite compositions have been extensively explored, [3,5,6] reports of FA-based layered perovskites remain scarce despite the better stability of the FA cation. [7][8][9] In addition, unlike their 3D analogues, layered 2D perovskites generally suffer from poor solarto-electric power conversion efficiencies, [1][2][3] particularly for the FA-based layered perovskites reported to date. Despite the ongoing effort, some of the best performing MA-based layered 2D perovskites have exceeded efficiencies of 12% with hotcasting techniques, [3] whereas the present FA-based analogues gave efficiencies around 1% for various compositions, reaching over 6% after extensive treatments. [7][8][9] This relatively poor performance of RPPs can be predominantly attributed to the inhibition of charge transport by the organic cations that act as insulating layers, since it is the inorganic domains that mainly contribute to the conductivity of the system. [1] Moreover, RPPs possess higher exciton binding energies, which result in decreased performance owing to inefficient exciton dissociation, and in turn to short-circuit photocurrent losses. [3,5] This has been counterbalanced by using additives, such as thiourea, [7][8][9] or employing hot-casting fabrication techniques, [1] with limited reproducibility as well as lack of operational stability reports.Here, we consider that these limitations on the performance of RPPs might be overcome by exploiting the potential tunability of the inherent structural properties through the design Perovskite solar cells are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies, although their molecular level design and stability toward environmental factors remain a challenge. Layered 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite phases feature an organic spacer bilayer that enhances their environmental stability. Here, the concept of supramolecular engineering of 2D perovskite materials is demonstrated in the case of formamidinium (FA) containing A 2 FA n−1 Pb n I 3n+1 formulations by employing (adamantan-1-yl)methanammonium (A) spacers exhibiting propensity for strong Van der Waals interactions complemented by structural adaptability. The molecular design translates into desirable structural features and phases with different compositions and dimensionalities, identified uniquely ...

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Section: Long-term Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Supramolecular Engineering for Formamidinium‐Based Layered 2D Perovskite Solar Cells: Structural Complexity and Dynamics Revealed by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

Milić

Kubicki

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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149

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“…Li et al demonstrated the first DJ phase perovskite based on formamidinium (FA) using the novel bifunctional molecule 1,4‐phenyl‐enedimethanammonium (PDMA) as an organic spacer. Ma et al reported a DJ phase perovskite based on 1,3‐propanediamine (PDA), which exhibited reduced inorganic layer spacing and negligible QW confinement effects, which resulted in improved efficiency.…”

Section: Comparison Of Champion Photovoltaic Performance Of Pda‐ Bdamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented and Uniform Distribution of Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites Controlled by Quantum Well Barrier Thickness

et al. 2019

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Dion–Jacobson (DJ) phase halide perovskites have attracted extensive attention in photovoltaic devices due to their significantly enhanced stability when compared with conventional 3D analogs. However, fundamental questions concerning the quantum well (QW) barrier thicknesses, which are critical to design efficient DJ phase perovskite photovoltaics, remain unknown. Herein, it is unambiguously demonstrated that QW barrier thickness, depending on bulky organic ammonium spacers with different chain lengths, such as 1.3‐propanediamine (PDA), 1.4‐butanediamine (BDA), 1.5‐pentamethylenediamine (PeDA), and 1.6‐hexamethylenediamine (HDA), allows the control of orientation and QW distribution. The DJ phase perovskites based on PDA and BDA have suitable QW barrier thicknesses, which exhibit excellent orientation and more uniform QW distribution, allowing a smooth bandgap transition that leads to longer carrier diffusion length, higher charge mobility, and lower defect density. Conversely, PeDA and HDA, with thicker QW barriers, result in lower orientation and multiple DJ perovskite phases. DJ phase perovskite photovoltaic devices based on PDA and BDA show significantly improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 14.16% and 16.38% compared with PCEs of 12.95% and 10.55% for PeDA and HDA analogs, respectively.

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“…[ 31 ] Whereas, most of the researchers focused on the design on the new type of low dimensional RP perovskite materials. [ 32–36 ] Yan et al prepared the 2D/3D bulk‐heterojunctions RP perovskite devices via introducing the S‐bearing thiophene‐2‐ethylamine spacer cation, exhibiting a stabilized PCE over 11% with negligible hysteresis. [ 32 ] Zhang and co‐workers enhanced the charge transport in 2D perovskites via 4‐fluorophenethylene lammonium (F‐PEA) and obtained a PCE over 13% for (F‐PEA) 2 MA 4 Pb 5 I 16 ‐based PSCs with high thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐Additive Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite by the Incorporation of Glycine Hydrochloride for High‐Performance and Stable Solar Cells

Zheng

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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The recent rise of low-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskites is notable for superior humidity stability, however they suffer from low power conversion efficiency (PCE). Suitable organic spacer cations with special properties display a critical effect on the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a new strategy of designing self-additive lowdimensional RP perovskites is first proposed by employing a glycine salt (Gly + ) with outstanding additive effect to improve the photovoltaic performance. Due to the strong interaction between CO and Pb 2+ , the Gly + can become a nucleation center and be beneficial to uniform and fast growth of the Glybased RP perovskites with larger grain sizes, leading to reduced grain boundary and increased carrier transport. As a result, the Gly-based self-additive lowdimensional RP perovskites exhibit remarkable photoelectric properties, yielding the highest PCE of 18.06% for Gly (n = 8) devices and 15.61% for Gly (n = 4) devices with negligible hysteresis. Furthermore, the Gly-based devices without encapsulation show excellent long-term stability against humidity, heat, and UV light in comparison to BA-based low-dimensional PSCs. This approach provides a feasible design strategy of new-type low-dimensional RP perovskites to obtain highly efficient and stable devices for next-generation photovoltaic applications.

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Bifunctional Organic Spacers for Formamidinium-Based Hybrid Dion–Jacobson Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 231 publications

References 31 publications

Supramolecular Engineering for Formamidinium‐Based Layered 2D Perovskite Solar Cells: Structural Complexity and Dynamics Revealed by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

Supramolecular Engineering for Formamidinium‐Based Layered 2D Perovskite Solar Cells: Structural Complexity and Dynamics Revealed by Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy

Oriented and Uniform Distribution of Dion–Jacobson Phase Perovskites Controlled by Quantum Well Barrier Thickness

Self‐Additive Low‐Dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite by the Incorporation of Glycine Hydrochloride for High‐Performance and Stable Solar Cells

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