Bifunctional, Copper-Doped, Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere-Modified, Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tumor Therapy

Abstract

In the traditional surgical intervention procedure, residual tumor cells may potentially cause tumor recurrence. In addition, large bone defects caused by surgery are difficult to self-repair. Thus, it is necessary to design a bioactive scaffold that can not only kill residual tumor cells but also promote bone defect regeneration simultaneously. Here, we successfully developed Cu-containing mesoporous silica nanosphere-modified β-tricalcium phosphate (Cu-MSN-TCP) scaffolds, with uniform and dense nanolayers with spherical morphology via 3D printing and spin coating. The scaffolds exhibited coating time- and laser power density-dependent photothermal performance, which favored the effective killing of tumor cells under near-infrared laser irradiation. Furthermore, the prepared scaffolds favored the proliferation and attachment of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and stimulated the gene expression of osteogenic markers. Overall, Cu-MSN-TCP scaffolds can be considered for complete eradication of residual bone tumor cells and simultaneous healing of large bone defects, which may provide a novel and effective strategy for bone tumor therapy. In the future, such Cu-MSN-TCP scaffolds may function as carriers of anti-cancer drugs or immune checkpoint inhibitors in chemo-/photothermal or immune-/photothermal therapy of bone tumors, favoring for effective treatment.

Two Hawks with One Arrow: A Review on Bifunctional Scaffolds for Photothermal Therapy and Bone Regeneration

“…Ma et al developed bifunctional scaffolds by coating 5% Cu-containing- mesoporous silica nanosphere (MSN) on the surface of β-TCP by spin coating [ 45 ]. The scaffolds effectively obliterated tumor cells and favored osteogenic differentiation in vitro.…”

Multifunctional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds: Recent strategies for osteosarcoma treatment

“…244 The above MSN is meaningful for fabricating multifunctional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds for treating osteosarcoma. MSN can be loaded into 3D-printed bioceramics by a simple spin-coating method, 17 which does not require chemical modification, high temperature, or pressure conditions and can retain the properties of MSN well. 246 Therefore, the MSN conjugated with -SNO and photothermal agents by sulfidation or loaded with various functional agents through its mesoporous structure is expected to realize multifunctional scaffolds integrating several therapies.…”

Bifunctional scaffolds for tumor therapy and bone regeneration: Synergistic effect and interplay between therapeutic agents and scaffold materials

“… [ 71 ] Cu-MSN-TCP scaffold Cu-MSN β -TCP PTT Cu-MSN could upregulate the expression of osteogenic-related genes. [ 72 ] Bifunctional scaffold Therapeutic agents Scaffold material Tumor therapy method Effect of therapeutic agents on osteogenesis Ref. α -TCP/CS/Fe 3 O 4 /GO scaffolds Fe 3 O 4 and GO α -TCP and calcium sulfate MFH Alizarin red staining demonstrated that the α -TCP/CS/Fe 3 O 4 /GO group produced more calcified nodules than the other groups.…”