Bidirectional association of neurodevelopment with growth: A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background Evidence of the association between early life development in neurological and psychiatric with physical growth is controversial, and bidirectional effects have been poorly evaluated. The study aims to use the cross-lagged models and utilize data from the Born in Shenyang Cohort Study to characterize the bidirectional associations of the term-born infants' development in neurological and psychiatric in five domains and physical growth in the early life. Methods This study consists of 688 mother-child dyads from the Born in Shenyang Cohort Study. Infants' anthropometric and development in neurological and psychiatric outcomes were measured twice by the Gesell Development Scale and administered by staff at six and twelve months of age. Cross-lagged analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the longitudinal relationships in both directions. Results In terms of longitudinal studies, the negative associations between gross motor and social behavior at six months with BMI Z -score at twelve months were found (gross motor: aβ=-0.20, 95% CI: -0.31 to- 0.09; social behavior: aβ=-0.23, 95% CI: − 0.33 to- 0.13). Instead, higher infant Z -scored BMI at six months predicted lower gross motor at twelve months (aβ=-0.08, 95% CI: -0.12 to- 0.04). The only bidirectional development in neurological and psychiatric, gross motor, had a more significant impact on infants’ BMI Z -score than the reverse (β=-0.21 vs. β=-0.09; P < 0.001). The similar associations had been found in weight gain velocity. Conclusion We found bidirectional relationships between infants’ gross motor with physical growth and suggested the term-born infants, who are on the edge of the developmental danger, should not be overlooked.

Simultaneous Bilateral Cochlear Implantation in Very Young Children Improves Adaptability and Social Skills: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…The Gesell Development Diagnosis Scale (GDDS) was developed in 1925 and widely used (Gesell 1925). The GDDS is a classic neuropsychological development examination and widely used in children aged 0 to 60 months, including 5 domains: gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language, and social skills (Jin et al 2007; You et al 2019; Wei et al 2021). The GDDS was used in a retrospective study of pediatric recipients and the results showed that preoperative developmental levels were related to improvements in auditory perception and speech production by parent-report scales after CI surgery (Yang et al 2017).…”