Bidirectional association between polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontal diseases

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and periodontal disease (PDD) share common risk factors. The bidirectional interaction between PCOS and PDD has been reported, but until now, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Endocrine disorders including hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR) in PCOS disturb the oral microbial composition and increase the abundance of periodontal pathogens. Additionally, PCOS has a detrimental effect on the periodontal supportive tissues, including gingiva, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Systemic low-grade inflammation status, especially obesity, persistent immune imbalance, and oxidative stress induced by PCOS exacerbate the progression of PDD. Simultaneously, PDD might increase the risk of PCOS through disturbing the gut microbiota composition and inducing low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, genetic or epigenetic predisposition and lower socioeconomic status are the common risk factors for both diseases. In this review, we will present the latest evidence of the bidirectional association between PCOS and PDD from epidemiological, mechanistic, and interventional studies. A deep understanding on their bidirectional association will be beneficial to provide novel strategies for the treatment of PCOS and PDD.

Impact of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome on Periodontal Status of Women of Adolescent and Adult Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…In another study, Wendland et al [ 8 ] demonstrated that adolescents with PCOS had higher levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, with similar levels of gingival inflammation and bleeding sites compared to healthy controls. The association of higher gingival inflammation with PCOS and its link with low-grade systemic inflammation, a possible pathophysiological mechanism, demonstrates a relationship between PCOS and periodontal diseases [ 9 , 10 ]. Considering the hormonal changes and persistent low-grade systemic inflammation in females with PCOS, it is hypothesized that PCOS may influence the gingival/periodontal status and systemic inflammation in adolescents.…”

Factores de virulencia de los componentes de Porphyromona gingivalis: una revisión narrativa

“…La importancia clínica de este microorganismo, de la enfermedad periodontal y sus consecuencias, se debe a la relación que guarda con diferentes enfermedades sistémicas, con quienes además comparten factores de riesgo biológicos, conductuales y psicosociales comunes (11), entre ellas la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, el síndrome del ovario poliquístico, cáncer de pulmón, enfermedad renal crónica, Alzheimer, deterioro cognitivo relacionado con la edad, artritis reumatoide, obesidad, entre otras (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23).…”

Comparative analysis of serum and saliva samples using Raman spectroscopy: a high-throughput investigation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and periodontitis

“…A recent systematic review and meta-analysis reveals that PCOS patients exhibit a 28% increased risk of developing periodontitis, and yet those with periodontitis demonstrate a 46% increased risk of developing PCOS [ 15 ], suggesting that PCOS and periodontitis may be bidirectionally interconnected. Furthermore, studies [ 18 – 21 ] have found that the relationship between PCOS and periodontitis could be linked through the underlying mechanisms like a low chronic inflammatory status, oxidative stress, alterations and imbalances in the oral microflora as well as disturbances in endocrine metabolism. Indeed, it has been suggested that PCOS-related hormonal and metabolic disorders may increase the host susceptibility to periodontal diseases [ 22 , 23 ].…”