Bicontinuous Nanoporous N‐doped Graphene for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Ito, Yoshikazu; Qiu, Hua‐Jun; Fujita, Takeshi; Tanabe, Yoichi; Tanigaki, Katsumi; Chen, Luyang

doi:10.1002/adma.201400570

Cited by 266 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Yet, presently designed graphene foams suffers from macroscopic dimensions and a severe miniaturization (by at least two orders of magnitude) may be required to truly benefi t from the wonder properties of graphene. [ 536,675,[681][682][683] Finally, it should be mentioned that caution must be exercised with respect to utilizing graphene or graphene analogues derivatives for energy storage or other electrochemical devices and applications. [ 684,685 ] Radich et al have recently demonstrated that rGO is not suitable platform for TiO 2 based photocatalysis.…”

Section: Graphene-inside Batteries and Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

278

204

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all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

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Section: Graphene-inside Batteries and Capacitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

278

204

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“…However, their scarcity, high cost, and poor stability hinder the bulk applications [53]. The emergence of metalfree carbon catalyst provides a promising alternative for ORR electrocatalysis [15,16,50,51,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. In this contribution, ORR was selected as the probe reaction to explore the electrocatalytic performance of unstacked DTG and NDTG.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraordinary ORR performance of NDTG was attributed to the following aspects: (1) with the well dispersion of 3.02 at.% nitrogen atoms into the unstacking conductive NDTG skeleton, the ORR active sites originated from the doping of nitrogen can be exhibited at the interfaces between the electrocatalysts and electrolyte [15,16,50,51,[54][55][56][57]; (2) compared with the stacked graphene in NG with a limited surface area of 189 m 2 g À1 , the unstacking NDTG offer large surface area of 1318 m 2 g À1 , which provided the possibility to full exposure of the active sites; (3) the NDTG have a hydrophilic surface and interconnected channels, which facilitates the rapid diffusion of oxygen feedstock and water products; (4) in contrast to Pt/C catalyst, the ORR activity of the metalfree carbon based catalyst exhibited resistance to crossover effect; (5) the NDTG is composed of highly stable graphene with good mechanical properties and robust electron pathways, improving the long-term durability. The unstacked graphene can be further improved by rational design of catalyst …”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Customized casting of unstacked graphene with high surface area (>1300 m2g−1) and its application in oxygen reduction reaction

Shi

Tian

Zhang

et al. 2015

Carbon

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“…The presence of adequate reactive sites in combination with novel structural design makes them attractive metal-free catalysts. To achieve the aforementioned merits, various heteroatom-doped 3D nanocarbon materials, such as N-doped CNT aerogels [37], nanoporous N-doped graphene [55], N, P-doped porous carbon, and doped graphene/CNT hybrid materials have been developed as high-performance ORR catalysts (Figure 4) [56,57]. be favored to have abundant accessible active sites for implementing reaction, good conductivity for charge transfer, and suitable porous structure for mass transport.…”

Section: D Heteroatom-doped Nanocarbon Electrocatalysts For Orrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

Xiong

Fan

et al. 2018

Catalysts

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Abstract:The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is a fundamental process and functions a pivotal role in fuel cells and metal-air batteries. However, the electrochemical performance of these technologies has been still challenged by the high cost, scarcity, and insufficient durability of the traditional Pt-based ORR electrocatalysts. Heteroatom-doped nanocarbon electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and acceptable cost, have recently attracted increasing interest and hold great promise as substitute for precious-metal catalysts (e.g., Pt and Pt-based materials). More importantly, three-dimensional (3D) porous architecture appears to be necessary for achieving high catalytic ORR activity by providing high specific surface areas with more exposed active sites and large pore volumes for efficient mass transport of reactants to the electrocatalysts. In this review, recent progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of 3D heteroatom-doped nanocarbon catalysts is summarized, aiming to elucidate the effects of heteroatom doping and 3D structure on the ORR performance of nanocarbon catalysts, thus promoting the design of highly active nanocarbon-based ORR electrocatalysts.

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Bicontinuous Nanoporous N‐doped Graphene for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Cited by 266 publications

References 48 publications

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Customized casting of unstacked graphene with high surface area (>1300 m2g−1) and its application in oxygen reduction reaction

Three-Dimensional Heteroatom-Doped Nanocarbon for Metal-Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis: A Review

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