Bickerstaff's encephalitis

Horton, Emma; Krishnamoorthy, Sanjay; Reynolds, Lucy

doi:10.1136/bcr-2014-205336

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(14 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis, a rare postinfectious inflammatory disorder, also shares overlapping features of similar aetiology with GBS, and together with Miller Fisher syndrome, they are considered as variables of the same neurological disease spectrum. 4 This case represents a rare variance of GBS in a young male who presented with weakness in all four limbs with hyperreflexia and a unilateral facial palsy. The hyperreflexia is another clinically variant symptom of GBS that can produce a diagnostic dilemma in a patient with acute paresis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Unilateral Facial Palsyin Guillain–Barré Syndrome, A Hyperreflexic Variant Case

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a form of rapidly progressive, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy is the most common variant of GBS, especially in the western hemisphere. It is diagnosed without hesitation when it presents with its characteristic clinical features of ascending paralysis and areflexia. It is when an atypical presentation appears, with brisk or very brisk reflexes, that diagnosis becomes difficult. In this case, a patient who presented with progressive motor weakness, unilateral facial palsy, and hyperreflexia on examination is described in order to demonstrate a variant of GBS and its management. Keeping in mind that the management of the disease does not change with the variant, the diagnostic challenge that is put forward by those variants needs a focussed approach by physicians.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Unilateral Facial Palsyin Guillain–Barré Syndrome, A Hyperreflexic Variant Case

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the available literature describes the use of corticosteroids, antiviral drugs and combinations of the above mentioned therapeutic methods [1,7,9,10]. In the case of our patient we used plasmapheresis procedures with initially good effect, later we also administered immunoglobulins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miller-Fisher Syndrome (MFS) has similar symptoms and is treated as a variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS). The difference between BBE and MFS is consciousness disturbances, which occur only in BBE [7]. The literature also describes some cases of simultaneous occurrence of MFS and GBS, BBE and GBS, and individual cases of occurrence of all three diseases – MFS, GBS and BBE [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relapsing-Remitting Severe Bickerstaff’s Brainstem Encephalitis – Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryBackgroundBickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a very rare disease of the central nervous system. Aetiology of the disease is auto-immunological. However, it is not entirely understood. Clinically BBE manifests in progressive ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and consciousness disturbances. Clinical symptoms are usually preceded by an unidentified infection of the upper respiratory tract. Usually, the disease has one phase, but individual relapses have also been described. Despite quite severe clinical symptoms, the prognosis is usually good.Case ReportThe article presents a case of a patient with relapsing-remitting severe BBE. The case is presented due to the relapsing-remitting clinical course of the disease that resulted in patient’s death, rarely described in the literature. We also present the results of subsequent MR scans in the course of the disease, so far described only in individual reports. It is also the first report in the world’s literature presenting the results of series of MR spectroscopy (MRS) examinations in the course of BBE.ConclusionsMR examination is an important component in BBE diagnostics, allowing to differentiate atypical cases and place them under special supervision due to the possibility of the severe clinical course. MR also facilitates differentiation between Miller-Fisher Syndrome (MFS) and BBE in cases of diagnostic doubts. Adding MRS and MRI to the protocol allows us to define the nature of morphological changes more accurately in patients with suspected or diagnosed BBE.

show abstract

“…Disturbed consciousness is a feature specific to BBE and differentiates this disease from FS. GBS primarily involves flexia and symmetrical limb weakness [ 132 ].…”

Section: Autoimmune Neurological Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood–brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for normal central nervous system (CNS) functioning. Considering the significance of BBB in maintaining homeostasis and the neural environment, we aim to provide an overview of significant aspects of BBB. Worldwide, the treatment of neurological diseases caused by BBB disruption has been a major challenge. BBB also restricts entry of neuro-therapeutic drugs and hinders treatment modalities. Hence, currently nanotechnology-based approaches are being explored on large scale as alternatives to conventional methodologies. It is necessary to investigate the in-depth characteristic features of BBB to facilitate the discovery of novel drugs that can successfully cross the barrier and target the disease effectively. It is imperative to discover novel strategies to treat life-threatening CNS diseases in humans. Therefore, insights regarding building blocks of BBB, activation of immune response on breach of this barrier, and various autoimmune neurological disorders caused due to BBB dysfunction are discussed. Further, special emphasis is given on delineating BBB disruption leading to CNS disorders. Moreover, various mechanisms of transport pathways across BBB, several novel strategies, and alternative routes by which drugs can be properly delivered into CNS are also discussed.

show abstract

Bickerstaff's encephalitis

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Unilateral Facial Palsyin Guillain–Barré Syndrome, A Hyperreflexic Variant Case

Unilateral Facial Palsyin Guillain–Barré Syndrome, A Hyperreflexic Variant Case

Relapsing-Remitting Severe Bickerstaff’s Brainstem Encephalitis – Case Report and Literature Review

Blood–brain barrier: emerging trends on transport models and new-age strategies for therapeutics intervention against neurological disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About