Biased hate crime perceptions can reveal supremacist sympathies

Leander, N. Pontus; Kreienkamp, Jannis; Agostini, Maximilian; Stroebe, Wolfgang; Gordijn, Ernestine; Kruglanski, Arie W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1916883117

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…While much research on EBEPs has highlighted the role of specific, concrete threats 24 , 66 , the moralized threat hypothesis offers a potential framework for understanding why people may perceive EBEPs as justified, even in the absence of an ostensible material threat. This hypothesis suggests that a person does not necessarily need to fear for their job or safety to engage in or approve of EBEPs; instead, it may be sufficient for them to simply feel a sense of moral outrage 67 . That said, our work tentatively suggests that different domains of moral values may have different risk functions with regard to acts of hate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

et al. 2021

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Understanding motivations underlying acts of hatred are essential for developing strategies to prevent such extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice (EBEPs) against marginalized groups. In this work, we investigate the motivations underlying EBEPs as a function of moral values. Specifically, we propose EBEPs may often be best understood as morally motivated behaviors grounded in people’s moral values and perceptions of moral violations. As evidence, we report five studies that integrate spatial modeling and experimental methods to investigate the relationship between moral values and EBEPs. Our results, from these U.S. based studies, suggest that moral values oriented around group preservation are predictive of the county-level prevalence of hate groups and associated with the belief that extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice against marginalized groups are justified. Additional analyses suggest that the association between group-based moral values and EBEPs against outgroups can be partly explained by the belief that these groups have done something morally wrong.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

et al. 2021

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“…The findings have significant implications for public health and intergroup relations. Tacit support for violence directed at minorities can occur when people perceive less prejudice in perpetrators of “hate crimes.” Feelings of disempowerment can serve as a central mechanism for tacit support [ 42 ]. Importantly, the findings reveal another method of implicit or unspoken support for violence: diminished recognition of emotional trauma and physical pain experienced by the victim.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19—Related Assault on Asians: Economic Hardship in the United States and India Predicts Diminished Support for Victim Compensation and Assailant Punishment

Johnson

Sattler

Otton

2021

IJERPH

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Background: There has been an alarming increase in discrimination and violence towards Asians during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic amid reports that the virus was first detected in China. In an incident involving a COVID-19-related physical assault, this study examined whether economic hardship experienced by participants during the pandemic and the race of the victim (Chinese, White) would influence support to compensate a victim and punish the assailant. The study also explored whether the perception that the victim experienced emotional and physical suffering due to the assault would mediate the relationships. Method: Participants in India and the United States reported on their own economic hardship due to the pandemic. They then read about an incident in which an innocent person suffered a COVID-19-related physical and verbal attack, and indicated if they would support punishing the assailant and financially compensating the victim. Results: When the victim was Chinese, participants experiencing a high degree of COVID-19 economic hardship were less likely to support financially compensating the victim or punishing the assailant compared to when the victim was White. Furthermore, when the victim was Chinese, the negative associations between economic hardship and financially compensating the victim and punishing the assailant were mediated by reduced recognition that the victim suffered emotional trauma and pain as a result of the attack. Conclusions: COVID-19-driven economic hardship experienced by participants predicted an array of reactions that reflected reduced recognition of the civil and human rights of a victim of a COVID-19-related assault. These findings have significant implications for mental health, public health, and the justice system, and underscore the pressing need for prompt action to mitigate economic hardship and to address racism and discrimination.

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“…More comparable to our study of Twitter reactions, Besley and Peters (2020) looked at the witness accounts for the event. Additionally, Leander et al (2020) studied the bias observed in the public reaction to violent events, using the Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting and the Christchurch Mosque shooting as examples. The shooter in this event was not given much coverage or analysis in general.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religious Violence and Twitter: Networks of Knowledge, Empathy and Fascination

2022

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Twitter analysis through data mining, text analysis, and visualization, coupled with the application of actor-network-theory, reveals a coalition of heterogenous religious affiliations around grief and fascination. While religious violence has always existed, the prevalence of social media has led to an increase in the magnitude of discussions around the topic. This paper examines the different reactions on Twitter to violence targeting three religious communities: the 2015 Charleston Church shooting, the 2018 Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting, and the 2019 Christchurch Mosque shootings. The attacks were all perpetrated by white nationalists with firearms. By analyzing large Twitter datasets in response to the attacks, we were able to render visible associations among actors across religions communities, national identities, and political persuasions. What this project revealed is that if we apply actor-network-theory and data visualization to look at networks created by human/non-human (text, computer, phone, meme, tweet, retweet, hashtag) actors, we can see that knowledge, empathy, and fascination drive communication around mass violence against religious communities.

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Biased hate crime perceptions can reveal supremacist sympathies

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

COVID-19—Related Assault on Asians: Economic Hardship in the United States and India Predicts Diminished Support for Victim Compensation and Assailant Punishment

Religious Violence and Twitter: Networks of Knowledge, Empathy and Fascination

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