Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

Hoover, Joe; Atari, Mohammad; Davani, Aida Mostafazadeh; Kennedy, Brendan; Portillo-Wightman, Gwenyth; Yeh, Leigh; Dehghani, Morteza

doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24786-2

Cited by 37 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Future research can extend other MFT-based measurement tools. Among others, the Moral Foundations Dictionary (Graham et al, 2009), Moral Foundations Dictionary 2.0 (Frimer et al, 2019), Moral Foundations Vignettes (Clifford et al, 2015), Moral Foundations Sacredness Scale , Moral Foundations Twitter Corpus (Hoover et al, 2020), MapYourMorals (Hoover et al, 2021), the Socio-Moral Image Database (Crone et al, 2018), andMoral andAffective Film Set (McCurrie et al, 2018) can be updated in accordance with the new findings and refinements reported here, further generating testable hypotheses about human morality in different contexts which can be measured using different methodologies.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morality Beyond the WEIRD: How the Nomological Network of Morality Varies Across Cultures

Atari¹,

Haidt²,

Graham³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Moral Foundations Theory has been a generative framework in moral psychology in the last two decades. Here, we revisit the theory and develop a new measurement tool, the Moral Foundations Questionnaire-2 (MFQ-2), based on data from 25 populations. We demonstrate empirically that Equality and Proportionality are distinct moral foundations while retaining the other four existing foundations of Care, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity. Three studies were conducted to develop the MFQ-2 and to examine how the nomological network of moral foundations varies across 25 populations. Study 1 (N = 3,360, five nations) specified a refined top-down approach for measurement of moral foundations. Study 2 (N = 3,902, 19 populations) used a variety of methods (e.g., factor analysis, exploratory structural equations model, network psychometrics, alignment measurement equivalence) to provide evidence that the MFQ-2 fares well in terms of reliability and validity across cultural contexts. We also examined population-level, religious, ideological, and gender differences using the new measure. Study 3 (N = 1,410, three populations) provided evidence for convergent validity of the MFQ-2 scores, expanded the nomological network of the six moral foundations, and demonstrated the improved predictive power of the measure compared with the original MFQ. Importantly, our results showed how the nomological network of moral foundations varied across cultural contexts: consistent with a pluralistic view on morality, different foundations were influential in the network of moral foundations depending on cultural context. These studies sharpen the theoretical and methodological resolution of Moral Foundations Theory and provide the field of moral psychology a more accurate instrument for investigating the many ways that moral conflicts and divisions are shaping the modern world.

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Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morality Beyond the WEIRD: How the Nomological Network of Morality Varies Across Cultures

Atari¹,

Haidt²,

Graham³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We used the estimates of county-level distribution of moral values provided by Hoover et al (2021). These authors relied on data from the crowd-sourcing website www.YourMorals.org, which is an online platform for collecting a wide range of psychological data, including moral values.…”

Section: Endorsement Of Moral Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multilevel model also included a hierarchical auto-regressive prior (Riebler et al, 2016) that, under the presence of spatial autocorrelation, induces local spatial smoothing between proximate counties (Hanretty et al, 2016;Hoover & Dehghani, 2019). To validate the county-level estimates of moral concerns, Hoover et al (2021) analyzed the relation between 8 Further details and example items are provided in the supplemental materials. Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Hoover Et Al (2021) Used Multilevel Regression and Synthetic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moral values predict county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates in the United States.

Reimer¹,

Atari²,

Karimi-Malekabadi³

et al. 2022

American Psychologist

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Despite the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines, the United States has a depressed rate of vaccination relative to similar countries. Understanding the psychology of vaccine refusal, particularly the possible sources of variation in vaccine resistance across U.S. subpopulations, can aid in designing effective intervention strategies to increase vaccination across different regions. Here, we demonstrate that county-level moral values (i.e., Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity) are associated with COVID-19 vaccination rates across 3,106 counties in the contiguous United States. Specifically, in line with our hypothesis, we find that fewer people are vaccinated in counties whose residents prioritize moral concerns about bodily and spiritual purity. Further, we find that stronger endorsements of concerns about Fairness and Loyalty to the group predict higher vaccination rates. These associations are robust after adjusting for structural barriers to vaccination, the demographic makeup of the counties, and their residents' political voting behavior. Our findings have implications for health communication, intervention strategies based on targeted messaging, and our fundamental understanding of the moral psychology of vaccination hesitancy and behavior. Public Significance StatementWhy do people refuse to get vaccinated against COVID-19 even when vaccines are widely available, safe, and efficacious? We show that differences in moral values can help us understand discrepancies in vaccination rates across U.S. counties. Specifically, Purity This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.Morteza Dehghani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9478-4365 Mohammad Atari and Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi contributed equally to this work.Nils Karl Reimer played the lead role in formal analysis and an equal role in data curation, methodology, writing of original draft, and writing of review and editing. Mohammad Atari played the lead role in writing of original draft, a supporting role in methodology, and an equal role in data curation and writing of review and editing. Farzan Karimi-Malekabadi played the lead role in data curation and visualization and an equal role in investigation, methodology, writing of original draft, and writing of review and editing. Jackson Trager played a supporting role in data curation, writing of original draft, and writing of review and editing. Brendan Kennedy played a supporting role in project administration, supervision, writing of original draft, and writing of review and editing. Jesse Graham played a supporting role in funding acquisition, supervision, and writing of review and editing.Morteza Dehghani played the lead role in conceptualization, funding acquisition, and supervision; a supporting role in writing of original draft; and an equal role in writing of review and editing.

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“…Previous linguistic and computer science studies have analyzed large volumes of textual data to develop moral dictionaries (Araque, Gatti, and Kalimeri 2020;Hoover et al 2021) and examined the types of moral values represented in social media users' discussions (Grover et al 2019). In addition, scholars have investigated how individual characteristics (especially political predisposition) affect the endorsement of each moral value (Graham, Haidt, and Nosek 2009;Haidt and Graham 2007).…”

Section: Moral Values In Online Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Online Civility Through Platform Architecture

Kim¹,

McDonald²,

Meosky³

et al. 2022

jots

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This study tests whether the architecture of a social media platform can encourage conversations among users to be more civil. It was conducted in collaboration with Nextdoor, a networking platform for neighbors within a defined geographic area. The study involved: (1) prompting users to move popular posts from the neighborhood-wide feed to new groups dedicated to the topic and (2) an experiment that randomized the announcement of community guidelines to members who join those newly formed groups. We examined the impact of each intervention on the level of civility, moral values reflected in user comments, and user’s submitted reports of inappropriate content. In a large quantitative analysis of comments posted to Nextdoor, the results indicate that platform architecture can shape the civility of conversations. Comments within groups were more civil and less frequently reported to Nextdoor moderators than the comments on the neighborhood-wide posts. In addition, comments in groups where new members were shown guidelines were less likely to be reported to moderators and were expressed in a more morally virtuous tone than comments in groups where new members were not presented with guidelines. This research demonstrates the importance of considering the design, structure, and affordance of the online environment when online platforms seek to promote civility and other pro-social behaviors.

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Investigating the role of group-based morality in extreme behavioral expressions of prejudice

Cited by 37 publications

References 59 publications

Morality Beyond the WEIRD: How the Nomological Network of Morality Varies Across Cultures

Morality Beyond the WEIRD: How the Nomological Network of Morality Varies Across Cultures

Moral values predict county-level COVID-19 vaccination rates in the United States.

Promoting Online Civility Through Platform Architecture

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