Bias Truck Tire Deformation Analysis with Finite Element Modeling

Abstract

This paper presents a method for modeling of pneumatic bias tire axisymmetric deformation. A previously developed model of all-steel radial tire was expanded to include the non-linear stress–strain relationship for textile cord and its thermal shrinkage. Variable cord density and cord angle in the cord-rubber bias tire composite are the major challenges in pneumatic tire modeling. The variabilities result from the tire formation process, and they were taken into account in the model. Mechanical properties of the composite were described using a technique of orthotropic reinforcement overlaying onto isotropic rubber elements, treated as a hyperelastic incompressible material. Due to large displacements, the non-linear problem was solved using total Lagrangian formulation. The model uses MSC.Marc code with implemented user subroutines, allowing for the description of the tire specific properties. The efficiency of the model was verified in the simulation of mounting and inflation of an actual bias truck tire. The shrinkage negligence effect on cord forces and on displacements was examined. A method of investigating the influence of variation of cord angle in green body plies on tire apparent lateral stiffness was proposed. The created model is stabile, ensuring convergent solutions even with large deformations. Inflated tire sizes predicted by the model are consistent with the actual tire sizes. The distinguishing feature of the developed model from other ones is the exact determination of the cord angles in a vulcanized tire and the possibility of simulation with the tire mounting on the rim and with cord thermal shrinkage taken into account. The model may be an effective tool in bias tire design.

Finite Element Simulation of Radial Tire Building and Shaping Processes Using an Elasto-Viscoplastic Model

“…During tire production, the deformation and stress distribution of some components may have a great influence on the final performance of a finished tire. For example, the cord reinforcements embedded in rubber are the main load-bearing components of tires [1,2], and the layup of the cord reinforcements would significantly influence the tire carrying capacity [3][4][5]. However, during the tire building and shaping processes, the layup of the cord plies could change significantly with the deformation of rubber components and may deviate from the design specifications, resulting in a production defect (cord twisting, shoulder flection and so on).…”

Implementation of a finite element modelling strategy for the prediction of aircraft tyre response

“…Predicting the quasi-static and dynamic response of tyres with FEA is a complex task involving non-linear, anisotropic and incompressible materials, large displacement and large strain and variable contact conditions between the tyre and ground. 3 The behaviour of tyres in contact with various ground interfaces (dry, wet, sand, dirt, snow) has been studied for automotive vehicle tyres, [4][5][6][7][8] truck tyres [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and off-road tyres. 16,17 NASA, specifically, has also carried out extensive testing and parameterisation of aircraft tyres.…”

Belt width optimization for tire durability enhancement

“…By using global-local finite element modeling method, Jeong et al 18 predicted the separation of steel-rubber composite materials for radial truck tires. Pelc 19 presents a method for modeling of pneumatic bias tire axisymmetric deformation.…”