Bias in odds ratios by logistic regression modelling and sample size

Nemes, Szilárd; Jonasson, Junmei Miao; Genell, Anna; Steineck, Gunnar

doi:10.1186/1471-2288-9-56

Cited by 324 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Even though the logistic regression method overestimates odds ratios in studies with small to moderate sample size (NEMES et al, 2009), these present results support the frequency of treatment hypothesis and the frequency of use the same drug in the past on the development of AR (PRICHARD et al, 1980). The use of more than 75% of AVM in the previous survey years mostly implies the use of the same type of drug and is directly correlated with AVM resistance.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance development in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Argentina

Suárez

Cristel²

2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance (AR) on bovine ranches were studied. Data were derived from a survey made to 50 ranch owners, who had conducted a faecal egg-count-reduction test. The questionnaire contained descriptors of bovine ranch management and nematode control. A case-control design study was undertaken and AR cases were present in 26 herds. Associations between the binary outcome variable (AR versus not AR) and risk factors recorded in the questionnaire were evaluated. Variables associated with the presence of AR at P< 0.15 and/or odds ratio (OR) > 2 were subjected to a multivariable logistic regression model. The main effects contributing to general AR (avermectin AVM and/or benzimidazole) in the final model were total number of annual treatments (OR 7.68; 95% CI 2.4 to 28.3) and use of more than 75% of AVM in the past (OR= 18.6; 95% CI 1.3 to 97.3), whereas for AVM resistance alone were total number of AVM annual treatments (OR= 11.5; 95% CI 2.9 to 45.5) and number of AVM Nov-Jan treatments (OR= 5.8; 95% CI 1.71 to 47.9). The results showed that treatment frequency, date of treatment and frequency of treatment in the past with a single drug were the main risk factors involved in AR development.Keywords: Nematode, cattle, anthelmintic resistance, risk factor. ResumoFatores de risco para resistência anti-helmíntica (AR) em fazendas de criação de bovinos foram estudados de dados obtidos de um levantamento em 50 propriedades. Em todas foram conduzidos testes de redução de contagem de ovos (opg) e um questionário preenchido pelos proprietários sobre o manejo e o controle de verminose nessas fazendas. Um estudo com desenho de caso controlado foi realizado e casos de AR estavam presentes em 26 rebanhos. Associações foram avaliadas entre a variável binária produzida (AR versus sem AR) e fatores de risco registrados nos questionários. Variáveis associadas com o resultado de interesse a P<0.15 e/ou razão de prevalência (OR) > 2 foram usados num modelo de regressão logística multivariável. Os principais efeitos contribuintes para AR geral (avermectina AVM e/ou benzimidazole), no modelo final, foram número total de tratamentos anuais (OR 7,68; 95% IC 2,4 a 28,3) e uso no passado mais que 75% de AVM (OR= 18,6; 95% IC 1,3 a 97,3), e para resistência à AVM foram número total de tratamentos anuais (OR=11,5; 95% IC 2,9 a 45,5), número de tratamentos com AVM de novembro a janeiro (OR= 5,8; 95% IC 1,71 a 47,9). Estes resultados mostraram que a frequência dos tratamentos, a época do ano em que foram feitos os tratamentos e a frequência dos tratamentos no passado com uma única droga foram os principais fatores de risco implicado no desenvolvimento de AR.Palavras-chave: Nematóide, gado, resistência anti-helmíntica, fator de risco.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance development in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Argentina

Suárez

Cristel²

2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…We found worse outcomes in patients using narcotics daily, which might indicate that the rehabilitation program failed both in patients with high HSCL-25 and daily usage of narcotics. However, the confidence interval for daily usage of narcotics was very large and OR may be overestimated in small sample sizes [35]. In a recent systematic review, opioid therapy was not associated with reduction of pain compared with placebo [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of outcome after surgery with disc prosthesis and rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc: 2-year follow-up

et al. 2012

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Purpose A prospective study to evaluate whether certain baseline characteristics can predict outcome in patients treated with disc prosthesis or multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Methods Secondary analysis of 154 patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) for at least 1 year and degenerative discs originally recruited for a randomized trial. Outcome measures were Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) dichotomized to \ or C15 points improvement and whether subjects were working at 2-year follow-up. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used. Results In patients treated with disc prosthesis, long duration of LBP and high Fear-Avoidance Beliefs for work (FABQ-W) predicted worse ODI outcome [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.2 and OR = 1.7, CI 1.2-2.4 for every 5 years or 5 points]. Modic type I or II predicted better ODI outcome (OR = 5.3, CI

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“…Choices on data analysis strategy can also affect the results and their interpretation. For instance, logistic regression tends to overestimate the parameters of the model when sample size is under 500, although the standard error is no seriously affected (Nemes et al, 2009). The last limitation we should mention is the choice of instruments used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes do matter: The role of attitudes and personality in DUI offenders

Jornet‐Gibert

Gallardo-Pujol

Suso

et al. 2013

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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a b s t r a c tSeveral studies have related personality variables with antisocial behavior. Among antisocial behaviors, driving under the influence (DUI) has received growing attention in recent years, particularly in relation to the role of personality. However, it has been shown that personality alone is not sufficient to accurately predict DUI. As a result, there is growing interest in identifying other types of individual differences that might predict this behavior better, such as attitudinal variables. The aim of this study was to examine differences in personality dimensions and attitudes between a group of DUI offenders and a comparison group. Ninety-eight subjects were assessed: 51 subjects who had been convicted of a DUI offense following a diversion program, and 47 drivers without criminal records. Personality was measured with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and antisocial attitudes were assessed with the Jesness InventoryRevised. Results indicated that offenders were more prone to show antisocial attitudes (p < .001) than comparisons. In terms of personality, there were no significant differences between the two groups. These findings suggest that attitudes may be useful predictors of DUI and should be taken into account in interventions designed to avoid recidivism.

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Bias in odds ratios by logistic regression modelling and sample size

Cited by 324 publications

References 14 publications

Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance development in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Argentina

Risk factors for anthelmintic resistance development in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in Argentina

Predictors of outcome after surgery with disc prosthesis and rehabilitation in patients with chronic low back pain and degenerative disc: 2-year follow-up

Attitudes do matter: The role of attitudes and personality in DUI offenders

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