Bi-phase flame-retardant effect of hexa-phenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene on rigid polyurethane foams containing expandable graphite

Qian, Lijun; Feng, Fafei; Tang, Shuo

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2013.12.015

Cited by 121 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The same phosphorus-based radical species have been detected, from decomposition of a phosphaphenanthrene-hydroxyl-methyl-phenoxyl)-cyclotriphosphazene (HAP-DOPO)/epoxy resin system [64]. Similar results were found recently, using phosphazene type flame-retardant (hexaphenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene) for rigid polyurethane foam [65].…”

Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography (Py-gc)supporting

confidence: 81%

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An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) photoionization spectroscopy coupled with time of flight MS (TOF-MS), are described in this review. The recent advances in analytical techniques help not only in determining the gas phase activity of the flame-retardants but also identify possible reactive species responsible for gas phase flame inhibition. The complete understanding of the decomposition pathways and the flame retardant activity of a flame retardant system is essential for the development of new eco-friendly-tailored flame retardant molecules with high flame retardant efficiency.

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Section: Pyrolysis-gas Chromatography (Py-gc)supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Indeed, if a flame-retardant acts in the condensed phase, less fuel is produced, resulting in a significant decrease of heat release. This barrier effect has also been observed with other matrices [4,9,24,65,72].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (Pcfc) and It Modificasupporting

confidence: 78%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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“…Further peaks on the HRR curves are associated with the crack formation in char layer and resulting diffusion of oxygen inside the sample [64]. According to Qian et al [65], unmodified rigid PIR foams used as thermal insulation materials show value of HRR above 300 kW/m 2 , while for all analyzed samples did not exceed 190 kW/m 2 . Moreover, it can be seen that content of CG biopolyol did not have straightforward impact on the peak height, values of pHRR are maintained at almost the same level, only for 70CG sample decrease was observed.…”

Section: Thermal Properties and Flammability Of Rigid Pir Foamsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Structure, Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams

et al. 2017

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modifications showed also positive impact on the mechanical performance of rigid foams. Increase of crosslink density resulted in enhancement of compressive strength by more than 100%. Incorporation of prepared biopolyol resulted in enhancement of thermal stability and changes in degradation pathway. Up to 35 wt% share of crude glycerol-based polyol, foams showed similar flammability as reference sample, which can be considered very beneficial from the environmental point of view.

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“…As a consequence, the flame temperature is lowered and the resultant oxides form a protective layer, on the surface of the material, limiting the movement of the volatile degradation products to the flame and oxygen to the burning material. The group of flame retardants containing phosphorus and nitrogen includes, among others, phosphaphenanthrene phosphonamidates [12], ammonium polyphosphate [13,14], polydopamine [15], triphenylphosphate [16], dimethyl methylphosphonate [17], dimethylpropanphosphonate [18], hexaphenoxy cyclotriphosphazene [19] and aluminum phosphinate [4,20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of flammability and smoke emission of rigid polyurethane foams modified with nanoparticles and halogen-free fire retardants

Sałasińska

Borucka

Leszczyńska

et al. 2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Using one-step method, rigid polyurethane foams were made, modified with developed fire retardant systems containing halogen-free flame retardants and nanofillers in the form of multi-walled carbon nanotubes or nanoscale titanium dioxide. The materials were subjected to a test using a cone calorimeter and smoke-generating chamber, and selected samples were further analyzed via thermogravimetry and oxygen index. Moreover, the products of thermal degradation of selected samples were identified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometer. Conducted flammability tests confirmed the presence of a synergistic effect between the used nanofillers and halogen-free flame retardants. It has been observed that the carbonized layer, the formation of which favored the presence of nanoadditives, inhibits the combustion process. Furthermore, nanofillers influenced favorably reduction in the amount and the number of occurring products of thermal degradation.

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Bi-phase flame-retardant effect of hexa-phenoxy-cyclotriphosphazene on rigid polyurethane foams containing expandable graphite

Cited by 121 publications

References 31 publications

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

Structure, Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams

Analysis of flammability and smoke emission of rigid polyurethane foams modified with nanoparticles and halogen-free fire retardants

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