Bi-ionic actuator by polypyrrole films

Biomimetic Sensing – Actuators Based on Conducting Polymers

“…It is possible to obtain bending movement from asymmetrical monolayers of the same CP, having an internal asymmetry capable of producing asymmetric swelling or shrinking across the film under the same electrochemical process (doping or de-doping) (Okamoto et al 2000;Onoda et al 1999a;Onoda & Tada 2004;Onoda et al 1999b;Shakuda et al 1993;Takashima et al 2003b;Takashima et al 1997;Wang et al 2002): one half of the film has a prevalent anionic exchange, while the second half experiences a prevalent cationic exchange. This can be achieved in two separate stages of electrogeneration using different dopants for the same polymer.…”

Simultaneous Smart Actuating-Sensing Devices Based on Conducting Polymers

“…In a similar way it is possible to obtain bending movement from asymmetrical monolayers of the same conducting polymer, having an internal asymmetry capable of producing asymmetric swelling or shrinking across the film under the same electrochemical process (Okamoto et al, 2000;Onoda et al, 1999a;Onoda & Tada, 2004;Onoda et al, 1999b;Shakuda et al, 1993;Takashima et al, 2003;Takashima et al, 1997;Wang et al, 2002). Here half of the film has a prevalent anionic exchange, while the second half experiences a prevalent cationic exchange.…”

Electrochemomechanical deformation in conducting copolymers containing pyrrole and anisidine moieties

“…Recently, we have proposed a novel concept of bi-ionic actuator having co-operative deformation upon the oxidation and reduction of the conducting polymer with ''seamless interface'' to attain the enhanced bending actuation [10]. This was attained by sequential deposition of anodically and cathodically expansive PPy by judicious selection of electrolytes during electrodeposition [11].…”