“…Accordingly, the social interactionist model (Andersson and Pearson, 1999) suggests that targets might respond to experienced interpersonal conflict by enacting negative interpersonal behaviors themselves. Yet, moving beyond the assumption of direct reciprocity, the social interactionist model suggests that, in an attempt to establish justice or to defend their self-worth, targets might pay back negative acts of others not only by behaving negatively toward the offender but also by redirecting their negative reaction toward others (i.e., displaced retaliation; e.g., Rosen et al, 2016;Vahle-Hinz et al, 2019). Indeed, experiencing negative treatment, conflicts, or interactional injustice (Ambrose et al, 2002) elicits global negative interpersonal responses including low general willingness to help coworkers (e.g., Chiaburu and Harrison, 2008) or to exchange knowledge (Chen, 2011), and high overall, generalized knowledge hiding (Jahanzeb et al, 2019;Khalid et al, 2018).…”