Beyond “homophobia”: Thinking more clearly about stigma, prejudice, and sexual orientation.

Herek, Gregory M.

doi:10.1037/ort0000092

“…To capture these different sentiments, scholars have framed homophobia in a variety of ways. Some have reconceptualized homophobia as a sexual stigma (Herek 2007(Herek , 2015, as a multileveled typology (Herek 2004), or as something that should be understood through the lens of gender taboos (Plummer 2014 homophobia (Meyer 2012), and many argue that homophobia should not be thought of as a psychological trait but rather as a social construct (McCann et al 2010). Scholars now use a variety of terms to capture varieties of antisamesex sentiment, such as homonegativity (Mayfield 2001), heterosexism (Ezzell 2009; Sears and Williams 1997), homohysteria (McCormack and Anderson 2014, and effemiphobia (Roach 2015).…”

Section: Measuring Homophobiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online

Pascoe

¹

,

Diefendorf

²

2018

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We examine a case of homophobic language online, specifically the deployment of the phrase "no homo," shorthand for "I'm not a homosexual." An analysis of 396 instances (comprising 1061 individual tweets) of the use of the phrase "no homo" on the social media platform Twitter suggests that the phrase is a gendered epithet that conveys cultural norms about masculinity. The first finding is that the phrase is used more often by male tweeters than by female tweeters. The second, as predicted by the literature on homophobia, is that the phrase is used in a negative emotional context to convey disapproval for men's homosexuality or behavior that is not gender normative. The third finding is that the modal use of the phrase "no homo" is in a positive emotional context, accompanying expressions of men's pleasure, desire, affection, attachment, and friendship. Our analysis suggests that the phrase "no homo" is a gendered one, primarily used by men to facilitate a particularly masculinized construction of positive emotional expression. Our research adds to and complicates findings on the relationship between homophobia and masculinity that suggests that homophobia is an organizing principal of masculinity in western cultures. KeywordsHomophobia Emotion Men Masculinity 1 2 1 2 5/2/2018 e.Proofing

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“…For example, in 1996 only 27% of those surveyed by Gallup (2017) supported same-sex marriage, but in May 2017 64% supported marriage equality and 72% supported same-sex relationships). Despite a steady rise in support of same-sex relationships, there has been a recent increase in anti-LGBTQ legislation introduced in multiple states, and reports of hate crimes, bullying, and discrimination remain high (Herek 2015; see also Levy and Levy 2016; Stone 2016 for a history of legislation). Transgender and gendernonconforming individuals have fewer legal rights than LGB individuals (Movement Advancement Project 2017), and the transgender community may be at disproportionate risk for structural stigma enacted through laws.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Fear for My Safety, but Want to Show Bravery for Others”: Violence and Discrimination Concerns Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals After the 2016 Presidential Election

Veldhuis

¹

,

Drabble

²

,

Riggle

³

et al. 2018

Violence and Gender

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In general, transgender individuals report experiencing high levels of discrimination and violence, as well as high levels of safety concerns and a need to be vigilant to the safety of their environs. The stress that arises from these high levels of violence and discrimination has sizable effects on mental and physical health. The results of the 2016 presidential election raised concerns that the rhetoric used during the campaign and the potential rollback of rights could result in higher rates of violence and discrimination against transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. In the current study, we conducted an internet-based mixed methods study among a national convenience sample (N = 242) to better understand transgender, genderqueer, and gender-nonconforming individuals' concerns about, and experiences with, discrimination, violence, and hate crimes after the 2016 presidential election. Data for the current study were collected between December 2016 and May 2017. Quantitative analyses revealed that participants reported high levels of election-related concerns, including high levels of concerns about safety and discrimination since the election. Furthermore, a majority of respondents had been directly exposed to hate speech and violence. Qualitative responses centered around concerns related to the emboldening and legitimization of hate speech and violence, and the effects on respondents and their relationships. Our findings suggest a need for intervention and prevention efforts aimed at improving resiliency, as well as the need for continuing existing supportive policies, enacting policies on federal and state levels to document antitrans violence, and passing nondiscrimination legislation inclusive of gender identity.

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“…Some have reconceptualized homophobia as a sexual stigma (Herek 2007(Herek , 2015, as a multileveled typology (Herek 2004), or as something that should be understood through the lens of gender taboos (Plummer 2014 homophobia (Meyer 2012), and many argue that homophobia should not be thought of as a psychological trait but rather as a social construct (McCann et al 2010). Scholars now use a variety of terms to capture varieties of antisamesex sentiment, such as homonegativity (Mayfield 2001), heterosexism (Ezzell 2009; Sears and Williams 1997), homohysteria (McCormack and Anderson 2014, and effemiphobia (Roach 2015).…”

Section: Measuring Homophobiasmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online

Pascoe¹,

Diefendorf²

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examine a case of homophobic language online, specifically the deployment of the phrase "no homo," shorthand for "I'm not a homosexual." An analysis of 396 instances (comprising 1061 individual tweets) of the use of the phrase "no homo" on the social media platform Twitter suggests that the phrase is a gendered epithet that conveys cultural norms about masculinity. The first finding is that the phrase is used more often by male tweeters than by female tweeters. The second, as predicted by the literature on homophobia, is that the phrase is used in a negative emotional context to convey disapproval for men's homosexuality or behavior that is not gender normative. The third finding is that the modal use of the phrase "no homo" is in a positive emotional context, accompanying expressions of men's pleasure, desire, affection, attachment, and friendship. Our analysis suggests that the phrase "no homo" is a gendered one, primarily used by men to facilitate a particularly masculinized construction of positive emotional expression. Our research adds to and complicates findings on the relationship between homophobia and masculinity that suggests that homophobia is an organizing principal of masculinity in western cultures.

show abstract

Beyond “homophobia”: Thinking more clearly about stigma, prejudice, and sexual orientation.

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online

No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online

“I Fear for My Safety, but Want to Show Bravery for Others”: Violence and Discrimination Concerns Among Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Individuals After the 2016 Presidential Election

No Homo: Gendered Dimensions of Homophobic Epithets Online

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