Beyond fangs: beef and soybean trade drive jaguar extinction

Romero‐Muñoz, Alfredo; Morato, Ronaldo Gonçalves; Tortato, Fernando Rodrigo; Kuemmerle, Tobias

doi:10.1002/fee.2165

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 193 publications

(678 reference statements)

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“…Not only do we assume that all animals in a deforestation polygon are displaced/killed, but we have not considered displacement and killing for other reasons. For instance, as a secondary effect, deforestation increases the access to formerly remote areas facilitating poaching and retaliation hunting (Romero-Muñoz et al, 2020). These factors combined were responsible for the drastic jaguar population decline in the southern portion of the species distribution (e.g., Romero-Muñoz et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jaguars can be conserved through a wide range of strategies and mechanisms, from government‐designated protected areas to economic measures, such as reducing meat consumption, or to promoting wildlife friendly beef certification (Romero‐Muñoz et al, 2020). We hope the somber estimation that around 300 jaguars are lost yearly will push the implementation of potential conservation measures forward.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite their clear importance to multiple ecological services and their use as indicator of environmental integrity, jaguars are directly threatened by deforestation (Romero-Muñoz, Morato, Tortato, & Kuemmerle, 2020). The issue is often compounded by deforestation often utilized as open space for cattle ranching and agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deforestation, fires, and lack of governance are displacing thousands of jaguars in Brazilian Amazon

Menezes

Tortato

Oliveira‐Santos

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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The rate of deforestation and the number of large wildfires are increasing in the Amazon. Illegal loggers, miners, ranchers, and farmers all have contributed to this increase. Their activities have dramatic consequences for biodiversity, ecological services, and people. In this study, we estimated the number of jaguars affected by deforestation. We focused on the Brazilian Amazon from August 2016 to December 2019. Further, we analyzed the effects of sociogeographic determinants of deforestation and state policies. To do so, we used deforestation data from DETER-B satellite system. The number of jaguars within each deforested area was pulled from a previous study, which provided jaguar abundances for jaguar entire range. We assumed all jaguars within a deforested area were affected (displaced or killed). To determine the underlying causes of jaguar loss, we regressed the number of jaguars lost per state and year against the proportion of total forest area within reserves, distance to forest border, and monetary efficiency in cattle production. We estimate a total of 1,422 jaguars have been displaced/killed in recent years

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deforestation, fires, and lack of governance are displacing thousands of jaguars in Brazilian Amazon

Menezes

Tortato

Oliveira‐Santos

et al. 2021

Conservat Sci and Prac

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“…An additional factor of direct jaguar mortality is the expanding road network, particularly within areas surrounding PAs. Although the road network across the Amazon is still incipient, new major road projects can rapidly change this scenario and result in roadkills, and further habitat degradation, deforestation, and access by hunters to previously fremote areas [73][74]. The ubiquitous presence of road networks causes negative effects on mammal populations up to 5-km [75], strongly affecting apex predators across the tropics [e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impending anthropogenic threats and protected area prioritization for the largest Neotropical apex predator in its Amazonian stronghold

Bogoni

Boron

Peres

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Jaguars ( Panthera onca ) exert critical top-down control over large vertebrates across the Neotropics and have been declining due to multiple threats. Based on geospatial layers, we extracted socio-environmental variables for 447 protected areas across the Brazilian Amazon to identify protected areas that merit short-term high-priority efforts to maximize jaguar persistence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, structural equations and regression modeling. Our results reveal that areas containing the largest jaguar densities and estimated population sizes are precisely those confronting most anthropogenic threats. We reveal that jaguars in the world’s largest tropical forest biome are threatened by deforestation associated with anthropogenic fires, and subsequent establishment of pastures. We provide a shortlist of protected areas that should be prioritized for short-term jaguar conservation. The future predicament of jaguar populations can only be ensured if protected areas can be proofed against downgrading and downsizing geopolitical pressures and external anthropogenic threats.

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“…The often synergistic effects of human-carnivore conflict and land-use transformation are leading threats for the world’s remaining large felid populations 1 . Persistence of these species requires an understanding of their spatial relationships with the biophysical, social, and economic interfaces of potential conservation landscapes 2 – 4 . In many cases, solving human-wildlife conflict involves excluding large felid populations from fenced landholdings and establishing strictly protected areas 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconciling biome-wide conservation of an apex carnivore with land-use economics in the increasingly threatened Pantanal wetlands

Tortato

Hoogesteijn

Devlin

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Conservation of carnivores involves finding solutions to minimize habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict. Understanding the nature of land-use economics can allow us to mitigate both threats. In the Pantanal, the two main economic activities are cattle ranching and ecotourism, each of which directly and indirectly affect the persistence of jaguars (Panthera onca). To understand how the geography of these economic activities is related to jaguar populations, we developed a jaguar distribution model (JDM), livestock density model, and ecotourism lodge density model for the Pantanal. Due to the recent wildfires within the Pantanal, we also assess the impact of burnt areas that are suitable for jaguars, cattle ranching, and tourism. Our JDM indicate that 64% of the Pantanal holds suitable habitat for jaguars. However, jaguar habitat suitability was positively correlated with ecotourism, but negatively correlated with areas most suitable for intensive cattle-ranching. This demonstrates a biome-wide scenario compatible with jaguar conservation. Of particular concern, recent wildfires overlap most suitable areas for jaguars. If wildfires become increasingly frequent, this would represent a serious threat to jaguars and many other wildlife populations. We emphasize the global importance of the Pantanal wetland ecoregion as a key stronghold for long-term jaguar conservation.

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Beyond fangs: beef and soybean trade drive jaguar extinction

Abstract: I was lucky to have great housemates in the few places I lived in Berlin during my PhD.

Cited by 12 publications

References 193 publications

Deforestation, fires, and lack of governance are displacing thousands of jaguars in Brazilian Amazon

Deforestation, fires, and lack of governance are displacing thousands of jaguars in Brazilian Amazon

Impending anthropogenic threats and protected area prioritization for the largest Neotropical apex predator in its Amazonian stronghold

Reconciling biome-wide conservation of an apex carnivore with land-use economics in the increasingly threatened Pantanal wetlands

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