Beyond Defining the Smart City. Meeting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in the Middle

Breuer, Jonas; Walravens, Nils; Ballon, Pieter

doi:10.6092/1970-9870/2475

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…A top-down approach is defined as a city that monitors and integrates its critical infrastructures to better optimize its resources, preventive maintenance, and monitoring security aspects while maximizing services to its citizens [22]. Smart city initiatives that follow a top-down approach are closely related to the idea of a "control room" for the city [23]. Top-down approaches will frequently hand over implementation to technology companies, usually dictated by commercial interests and are criticized for delivering deficient services, preventing innovation [24].…”

Section: Top-down Versus Bottom-up (Inclusive) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Space Design–A Framework and an IoT Prototype Implementation

et al. 2022

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In the last decade, the need for smart-space design has been on the rise. Various data collected from Internet-of-Things (IoT) and sensors are used to optimize the operation of smart spaces, which, in urban areas, are evolving into smart cities. How can smart spaces provide value to citizens? There is a need to develop smart services that leverage emerging technologies while taking an inclusive and empowering approach to the inhabitants. To address this need, we present a framework for designing smart spaces and we use a bottom-up (inclusive) approach to instantiate a smart kiosk (SK). The SK prototype provides a practical approach for transforming a traditional building into a smart space utilizing IoT and artificial intelligence technologies. The design science research (DSR) methodology was followed for designing and evaluating the prototype. An iterative process that involves occupant feedback and brainstorming sessions coupled with a literature review was carried out to identify the issues and services related to a smart building. The SK prototype implements three intelligent services that were prioritized by the citizens of the building. The results show that the SK has a high usage and acceptance rate and it can transform a lobby into a highly engaged and smart building space. The prototyping process suggests important factors to ideate and assess smart services and shows that small-scale projects can be successful to enable smart buildings. The framework provides a theoretical contribution while the design and development process assists practitioners in identifying and developing intelligent services based on IoT technology.

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Section: Top-down Versus Bottom-up (Inclusive) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Space Design–A Framework and an IoT Prototype Implementation

et al. 2022

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“…Top-down relationships position engagement as led by city administrations or governments, and often focuses on the way that city administrations consult with communities or deliver information to communities [8,23]. This form of engagement, when critiqued, is said to be more performative or see the role of the citizen as tokenistic [24,25].…”

Section: Top Down Bottom Up and Middle Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bottom-up relationships position engagement as something that empowers individuals to create, design, and actively participate in interventions at a grassroots level [23,27]. While it could be said that some bottom-up interventions could still be empowered by city administrations, they are typically led by a community group, social movement, or individuals and look to collaborate on decision making according to the chosen intervention.…”

Section: Top Down Bottom Up and Middle Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmenting Community Engagement in City 4.0: Considerations for Digital Agency in Urban Public Space

et al. 2022

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An engaged community that reflects a diverse set of experiences is key to an equitable and livable city. However, maximizing engagement activities is often difficult when competing with residents’ busy schedules and hectic daily lives. To explore new opportunities in this space, we developed four augmented reality experiences to learn more about the potential for this technology to transform community engagement practices in the context of City 4.0. City 4.0 utilizes digital technologies to transform public services and the local economy. Its goal is to produce more sustainable urban and societal outcomes. Our findings suggest that augmented reality is least successful when used to recreate existing engagement practices, such as surveys or questionnaires, and more successful when it empowers a sense of agency and ownership over the process in its users. The way augmented reality situates information can aid in making public space feel personal to the individual. In this way, augmented reality’s affordances are less about overlaying digital information in physical space and more about how this can enable individuals to reclaim a sense of control and relevance in the relationship between citizens and councils. We aim to contribute: (a) novel interaction paradigms and an evaluation of their effectiveness and limitation, and (b) new insights into how to support citizens’ sense of agency in public discourse with augmented reality. This paper highlights the value of augmented reality’s affordances to bring to light new interactions between community engagement stakeholders.

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“…The authors address the challenges of the so-called Citizen Design Science, such as high cost and low/poor representation of the citizens, by proposing to use an interactive online tool for citizens' participation. There are two possible approaches to designing a smart city: a bottom-up approach and a top-down approach [16]. We note that the bottom-up approach is more suited to existing cities, where it is beneficial to involve the citizens in designing smart solutions to overcome existing challenges.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Smart in Smart Cities: A Framework for Image Classification Using Deep Learning

Al-qudah

Khamayseh

Aldwairi

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The need for a smart city is more pressing today due to the recent pandemic, lockouts, climate changes, population growth, and limitations on availability/access to natural resources. However, these challenges can be better faced with the utilization of new technologies. The zoning design of smart cities can mitigate these challenges. It identifies the main components of a new smart city and then proposes a general framework for designing a smart city that tackles these elements. Then, we propose a technology-driven model to support this framework. A mapping between the proposed general framework and the proposed technology model is then introduced. To highlight the importance and usefulness of the proposed framework, we designed and implemented a smart image handling system targeted at non-technical personnel. The high cost, security, and inconvenience issues may limit the cities’ abilities to adopt such solutions. Therefore, this work also proposes to design and implement a generalized image processing model using deep learning. The proposed model accepts images from users, then performs self-tuning operations to select the best deep network, and finally produces the required insights without any human intervention. This helps in automating the decision-making process without the need for a specialized data scientist.

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Beyond Defining the Smart City. Meeting Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches in the Middle

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

Smart Space Design–A Framework and an IoT Prototype Implementation

Smart Space Design–A Framework and an IoT Prototype Implementation

Augmenting Community Engagement in City 4.0: Considerations for Digital Agency in Urban Public Space

The Smart in Smart Cities: A Framework for Image Classification Using Deep Learning

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