The present article aims to distinguish between a sociocognitive and a sociocultural approach to forms of "collective" creativity. While the first is well-illustrated in studies of group or team creativity, the second has generally supported investigations of collaborative creativity, most of them performed in the last few decades. The comparison between these two fields takes different levels into account, from the epistemological position adopted to issues concerning the theories and methods used. Special attention is given to reviewing models of creativity. While the literature on group creativity contains several cognitive models, there is a scarcity of such constructions for collaborative creativity. This is why a secondary aim of this material is to introduce a sociocultural theoretical framework and discuss its implications for developing situated models of creativity. In the end, the similarities and differences between the two paradigms are examined with reference to both theory and research and arguments are given for why it would be beneficial for sociocognitivists and socioculturalists to engage in a more consistent dialogue.The title question, despite having a "long history" of theoretisation, has only benefited from what can be considered a relatively "short past" of intensive psychological research. By and large, in both psychology and related disciplines, most efforts have been devoted to understanding how the individual is creative. Historically, accounts such as that of Le Bon (1896), generally exemplified the negative influence of "others" (the crowd) upon the mental functioning and behaviour of the person. Added to this background, that greatly inspired theories of social influence, another difficulty made answering creativity questions even more problematic and that is the obscure nature of the creative process. There is little doubt that creativity is an important value in our contemporary society and, consequently, it became object of study for a variety of disciplines.Only in psychology creativity has been explored using diverse theoretical frameworks such as: biological, behavioural, clinical, cognitive, psychometric, developmental etc. (see Runco, 2004).Still, after intensive investigations, starting from the 1950s, there are authors who still assert that "creativity is something we desperately need, but we do not know how to get it, and we are not really sure what it is" (Smith et al., 2006, p. 3).
2Considering the above, it is not difficult to understand why, in the beginning at least, the main research question was not "how are we creative together?" but "can we be creative together?" A tradition of embedding creativity into the mind of the person, supported early on by the studies of Galton (1869) on hereditary genius, led to an exclusivist and decontextualised focus on individual creativity (Hennessey, 2003). While plenty of published materials contemplated the image of the lone genius, the influence of group factors on creativity received limited attention and when it did it was g...