Beware Energy Drinks: A Case of a Toxic Triad Syndrome in a Diabetic Patient With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Uwaifo, Gabriel I.

doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2019.07.015

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Oxidative stress will cause degeneration and desquamation in renal tissue (12,20,21). Although many case reports of acute pancreatitis have been recorded in association with energy drinks consumption, it is not 100% confirmed that these beverages are the reason of pancreatitis (6,22). Therefore, till now experimental studies are carried out to observe and clarify the impact of various energy drinks ingestion on the pancreas (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consumption of caffeinated energy drink may induce nephrotoxicity (4), hematological disorders (5), hepatitis and pancreatitis (6). Furthermore, the high sugar content results in obesity and diabetes (7), whereas the disturbances in the homeostasis of the non-essential amino acid taurine which is another component of energy drinks may affect brain, heart and even skeletal system of human (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathological changes in kidney and pancreas induced by energy drinks in adult male rats

Qassim¹,

Al-Sammak²,

Ayoob³

2021

IJVS

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The study aims to assess the impact of various doses of red bull on kidney and pancreas of male albino rats. Thirty male albino rats were assigned to three groups (10 animals/ group). Control group 1 received standard diet and water, group 2 and group 3 received daily oral doses of 10 ml/kg/rat and 20 ml/kg/rat of the energy drink (red bull) respectively for 30 days. Under light microscope no tissue changes were seen in kidney and pancreas of control group. In group 2 red bull causes vacuolar degeneration as well as coagulative necrosis of renal tubular epithelium, vascular congestion in the glomeruli and in the interstitial space of the kidney, in addition to atrophy of the glomeruli, as regard to pancreas it causes vascular congestion of the islets of Langerhans, increase in the size of the islets, besides, necrosis of Langerhans cells. In group 3 red bull leads to more atrophic glomeruli, massive coagulative necrosis of renal tubular epithelium, marked vascular dilatation and congestion in the interstitial space and degenerative changes of the renal tubular epithelium, whereas the pancreatic tissue revealed reduction in the size of the islets of Langerhans, vacuolation and degeneration of their cells, necrosis of other islets with mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration and degenerative changes of pancreatic acini. It is concluded that administration of red bull to rats for 30 days will affect the histological structure of kidney as well as pancreas and this effect is a dose dependent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological changes in kidney and pancreas induced by energy drinks in adult male rats

Qassim¹,

Al-Sammak²,

Ayoob³

2021

IJVS

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“…Uwaifo found that consuming 2-3 cans of energy drink for 4 months may be related to gastritis, hepatitis, and pancreatitis [12]. Furthermore, high levels of carbohydrates contained in energy drinks can affect fluid absorption and cause gastrointestinal distress [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

Sammak

Qassim

Hamdi

2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

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BACKGROUND: Nowadays energy drinks are markedly consumed by young people all over the world but till now there were only few literatures that describe their effect on the stomach and small intestine. AIM: The aim of the current study is to highlight the histopathological changes encountered in the stomach and small intestine that are induced by energy drinks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: a control group given only standard diet and distilled water, a group given a low dose of Tiger energy drink (1 ml/100 mg/rat/day), and a group given a high dose of Tiger energy drink (2 ml/100 mg/rat/day). These drinks were given orally via gastric tube for 1 month duration. RESULTS: Histological assessment of different sections of the stomach and small intestine has revealed parietal cell hyperplasia with congestion of gastric mucosal blood vessels, moreover partial loss of intestinal villi with goblet cell hyperplasia was observed in group treated with low dose of Tiger. Increasing the dose of this drink resulted in mononuclear cell infiltration associated with goblet cell metaplasia which could be an early marker for gastric cancer, furthermore complete loss of intestinal villi and degenerative changes of epithelial cells were seen in intestinal sections. These pathological changes seem to be dose related. CONCLUSION: There is a high risk on the rat’s stomach and small intestine in chronic consumers of energy drinks particularly when taken with no limits. Further work is recommended to delineate the exact mechanism of the pathological findings induced by energy drinks.

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“…Recently, Uwaifo (2019) presented a case of development of a toxic triad syndrome, including hepatitis, gastritis and pancreatitis in a 46-year-old man, who suffered from Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, after prolonged (4 months, daily, 2-3 160z cans) consumption of beverage “Monster Energy” (Uwaifo, 2019).…”

Section: Effects Of the Systematic Use Of Energy Drinks On The Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of energy drink consumption for hepatic structural and functional changes: a review

Кутя

Kriventsov

Мороз³

et al. 2019

NFS

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Purpose In the recent decades, energy drinks consumption has increased dramatically. Many researches found their adverse effects on the structure and function of organs and systems, with nervous and cardiovascular systems most studied. Liver is one of the priority target organs in case of beverages consumption. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of energy drink consumption on morphofunctional conditions of liver. Design/methodology/approach A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and eLIBRARY.ru databases was performed using relevant keywords. Findings Both clinical and experimental data concerning effects of energy drink use on structure and function of liver are summarized and systematized in this review. Most of them documented hepatotoxicity after prolonged over-consumption of energy drinks. Probable mechanisms of action of their basic ingredients (sugars, caffeine, taurine, D-glucuronolactone, vitamin B3) on morphology and functioning of liver as well as combined use of energy drinks with alcohol are described. Originality value This review paper represents evidential information about the negative impact of energy drink consumption on morphofunctional conditions of liver.

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Beware Energy Drinks: A Case of a Toxic Triad Syndrome in a Diabetic Patient With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 52 publications

Histopathological changes in kidney and pancreas induced by energy drinks in adult male rats

Histopathological changes in kidney and pancreas induced by energy drinks in adult male rats

Histological Changes of Stomach and Intestine Induced by Energy Drink (Tiger) in Adult Male Rats

Implications of energy drink consumption for hepatic structural and functional changes: a review

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