Between Exoticization and Marginalization. Current Problems of Gypsy Studies

Marushiaková, Elena; Попов, Веселин

doi:10.1515/behemoth.2011.006

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is not widely known that many of the goals and even techniques of the current European campaign for Roma inclusion figured prominently in the emancipation project undertaken between the 1950s and 1980s by virtually all the people's democracies (Marushiakova & Popov 2011). In Czechoslovakia, this entailed the criminalization of itinerancy in 1958 and the implementation of wide-ranging objectives aimed at the integration of 'citizens of Gypsy ancestry' (Kára 1981).…”

Section: 'Third-class' Gypsiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reports furnished by NGOs and supranational watchdogs, they appear as 'needy subjects' (Timmer 2010)often exposed to manipulation (Marushiakova & Popov 2011) -and as victims of what is claimed to be a growing tide of 'anti-Tsiganism' (Stewart 2012). In this article, we look at Roma not through the prism of victimhood and deprivation but rather as imaginative bricoleurs whose encounter with the social engineers of integration has led to creative solutions of unappreciated consequences.…”

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confidence: 99%

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‘Third‐class’ Slovak Roma and inclusion: Bricoleurs vs social engineers

Scheffel

Mušinka

2019

Anthropology Today

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This article addresses social inclusion/integration with reference to peripheral Slovak Roma. Based on ethnographic data, it argues that even in communities of so‐called ‘unadaptables’, integration has progressed considerably, but not necessarily along the lines envisioned by the agencies which are propelling ‘Roma inclusion’ as a pan‐European project. The article considers early motherhood, juvenile prostitution and unconventional municipal politicians as examples of bottom‐up inclusion efforts that don’t threaten traditional notions of cultural and political autonomy.

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Section: 'Third-class' Gypsiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Third‐class’ Slovak Roma and inclusion: Bricoleurs vs social engineers

Scheffel

Mušinka

2019

Anthropology Today

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“…This reinforces both a pathetic image of Roma and justifies policy intervention. Scholarship's contribution to stigmatising Roma as a marginal group has been added to by the frequently cited policy oriented research produced by NGOs (Marushiakova & Popov, 2011).…”

Section: Scholarly Contributions To the Gypsy Legacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Roma Identity as an Expert-Political Construction

Surdu¹,

Kovats

2015

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The creation of an EU Framework for national Roma integration strategies (2011) marks a significant step in the politicisation of Roma identity by ensuring a further increase in the number of initiatives, projects and programmes explicitly targeting Roma. The Framework itself is part of a process that began with postcommunist transition and which has produced historically unprecedented levels of Roma political activism along with a proliferation of national and transnational policy initiatives focussed on Roma identity. In seeking to explain this contemporary political phenomenon, the article argues that Roma is an identity constructed at the intersection of political and expert knowledge by various actors, such as policymakers, Romani activists, international organizations and scholars. This political-expert identity is applied to groups that are not bounded by a common language, religion, cultural practice, geographic location, occupation, physical appearance or lifestyle. The article explores how this collation of disparate populations into a notional political community builds upon a centuries-old Gypsy legacy. It scrutinizes five strands of identification practices that have contributed to the longue durée development of today's Roma as an epistemic object and policy target: police profiling of particular communities; administrative surveys; Romani activism; Roma targeted policies; quantitative scientific research. The article argues that the contemporary economic and political conditions amidst which the politicisation of Roma identity is occurring explain how the ideological and institutional construction of the ethnic frame tends toward the reinforcement of the exclusion of those categorised as Roma, thus increasing the perceived need for Roma policy initiatives. A self-sustaining cycle has been created where Roma knowledge identifies Roma problems requiring a policy response, which produces more Roma knowledge, more needs and more policy responses. Yet, there are consequences to racialising public discourse by presenting Roma as both problematic and essentially different from everyone else. Hostility towards Roma has increased in many states indicating that the expert framing of Roma groupness affects social solidarity by disconnecting and distancing Roma from their fellow citizens.

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“…Debate-se aqui como dois museus -o Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brasil) e o Roma Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (Polônia) -podem ser vistos como instituições que, por meio de seus objetivos, narrativas e exposições, legitimam um discurso holístico a respeito da história e da cultura de povos conhecidos como ciganos 3 . Essa retórica aparenta estar em sintonia com os propósitos de uma elite intelectual cigana que desde o início dos anos 1970 se empenha em repensar e reescrever a produção historiográfica sobre essa população, visando, entre outros propósitos, melhorar a qualidade de vida desse grupo (CARMONA, 2013;McGARRY, 2008;MARUSHIAKOVA;POPOV, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Foi na região dos Bálcãs 5 , a partir da segunda metade do século XIX, que os movimentos sociais ciganos começaram a se organizar, porém ainda de forma discreta (MARUSHIAKOVA;POPOV, 2004). Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial e o assassinato de vários grupos ciganos em países europeus (HANCOCK, 2013), o movimento ganhou uma estrutura mais observável que atingiu seu ápice em 1971, durante o World Romani Congress 6 , em Londres.…”

Section: Breve Introdução Aos Movimentos Sociais Cigano/romaniunclassified

Tensões entre memórias, ativismo e ética: as narrativas cigano/romani no Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brasil) e no Roma Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (Polônia)

Sambati¹

2017

RCCult

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Resumo: Este artigo trata de possíveis tensões quando usos da memória, ativismo político e comportamento ético convivem em um ambiente museológico. Para tanto, serve-se do exemplo de dois museus -o Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brasil) e o Roma Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (Polônia) -, analisando a exposição das instituições e a fala de seus organizadores. Ambos os museus estão engendrados nos movimentos sociais cigano/romani que, por sua vez, trabalham desde os anos 1970 na relocação desse povo na sociedade. Esse novo espaço social seria o de uma nação ou grupo étnico coeso, reconhecido por outras nações, com um primeiro passo para a conquista de uma melhor qualidade de vida. Discute-se aqui que os museus constroem narrativas que exoticizam 2 e essencializam populações ciganas heterogêneas, em retóricas que encontram incompatibilidades com o meio acadêmico. O que pode ser entendido como ausência de verdade e ética por parte dos museus, no entanto, pode ser relativizado levando em consideração os diferentes objetivos e abordagens de grupos distintos que discutem problemáticas semelhantes. Palavras-chave: cigano/roma; museus; ativismo; ética. Abstract:The present article discusses possible tensions when uses of memory, political activism and ethical behavior coexist in a museological environment. Based on the example of two museums -the Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brazil) and the Roma Ethnografic Museum in Tarnów (Poland) -, what is going to be analyzed is their exhibitions and the rhetoric of their organizers. Both museums are engendered in the Gypsy/Romani social movements which, since the 1970s, aim to reposition these people within the societies they are part of. This new social space would be of a cohesive nation or ethnic group, recognized by other nations, in a first step towards a better quality of life. It is argued here that these museums construct narratives that exoticize and essentialize heterogeneous Gypsy populations, mobilizing a rhetoric which, due to its incompatibilities, is highly academically criticized. What can be deemed as a lack of truth and ethics from the museums, however, can be 1 Doutorando no Programa em Sociologia Histórica da Faculdade de Humanas da Universidade Carolina de Praga (Fakulti humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy v Praze), sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Nicolas Maslowski.2 Aplica-se aqui uma tradução literal do conceito em inglês "exoticization" usado por Marushiakova e Popov (2011). Acredita-se que a expressão mais próxima em português -tornar exótico -não consegue carregar o mesmo significado do conceito original, pois conota uma ação aplicada unilateralmente sobre um elemento, fazendo-o exótico. Por sua vez o conceito de "exoticization" significa uma série de ações nas quais os sujeitos envolvidos são ativos e passivos, ou seja, construtores e construídos pelas representações sobre um grupo como uma comunidade separada das demais. | Revista Confluências Culturais -ISSN 2316-395Xv. 6 | n. 1 • Março de 2017 • PATRIMÔNIO/CULTURA/ARTE/ESTÉTICA/ÉTICA: imbricamentos, nervuras e fis...

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Between Exoticization and Marginalization. Current Problems of Gypsy Studies

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

‘Third‐class’ Slovak Roma and inclusion: Bricoleurs vs social engineers

‘Third‐class’ Slovak Roma and inclusion: Bricoleurs vs social engineers

Roma Identity as an Expert-Political Construction

Tensões entre memórias, ativismo e ética: as narrativas cigano/romani no Museu Cigano Itinerante (Brasil) e no Roma Ethnographic Museum in Tarnów (Polônia)

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