Between- and within-group effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use on AUD/CUD in the NSDUH 2002–2019

Waddell, Jack T.

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108768

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Event‐level studies also support this notion, as one study found that individuals high vs. low in positive (but not negative) urgency drank more drinks on co‐use days. However, it is important to note that some studies find that co‐use is associated with higher levels of negative emotionality (e.g., Bailey et al, 2019; Thompson et al, 2021; Waddell et al, 2021e). Thus, future research is needed on the interplay between co‐use and negatively vs. positively valenced facets of emotionality and impulsivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, alcohol and cannabis co‐use, defined as using both alcohol and cannabis within the same time period [concurrent use] or within the same occasion [simultaneous use] (e.g., Gunn et al, 2018, 2022), remains an even more pertinent public health concern. Alcohol and cannabis co‐use is associated with heavier drinking and cannabis use (e.g., Gunn et al, 2019; Patrick et al, 2018) and is also associated with negative alcohol consequences and substance use disorder (SUD) development, above and beyond drinking levels (e.g., Gunn et al, 2018; Midanik et al, 2007; Waddel, 2021; Waddell et al, 2021a; Wardell et al, 2020; Waddell & Marszalek, 2022). Thus, it is important to understand the developmental course of alcohol and cannabis co‐use, as well as prospective correlates of continued co‐use to target via prevention programming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Waddell

Jager

Chassin

2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Objective Reductions in substance involvement into adulthood are thought to represent a normative maturing out of substance use. However, patterns and predictors of maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use remain largely unstudied. Therefore, the current study tested developmental trajectories of alcohol and cannabis use from late adolescence into adulthood and whether late adolescent personality traits predicted trajectory class membership. Methods Data come from a longitudinal study of family history of alcohol disorder (N = 458). Age bands were created to model trajectories of drinking quantity, negative alcohol consequences, and cannabis use frequency from late adolescence (age 18–22) to young adulthood (age 23–28) and adulthood (age 29–36). Participants reported on their sensation seeking, conscientiousness, and neuroticism during late adolescence and their typical drinking quantity, negative alcohol consequences, and cannabis use frequency at each age band. Results Three trajectory classes were derived from an initial Parallel Process Growth Mixture Model: (1) low‐risk maturing out of alcohol‐only use, (2) high‐risk maturing out of co‐use, and (3) high‐risk switchers who increased their cannabis use into adulthood. Late adolescent sensation seeking was associated with higher odds of being in both co‐use trajectories, whereas a lack of conscientiousness was associated with higher odds of being a co‐use switcher. Conclusions We identified heterogeneity in trajectories of co‐use, which suggests that a lack of maturing out of alcohol involvement may be accompanied by increased cannabis use. Moreover, late adolescent personality traits may predispose individuals toward riskier developmental trajectories of substance use into adulthood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Waddell

Jager

Chassin

2022

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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“…Frequency of substance use was assessed by asking participants how many days over the past year (1-366 days) they reported using alcohol and marijuana. A frequency of use variable was computed for each in line with past longitudinal and NSDUH studies (e.g., Chassin et al, 1992;Sher et al, 1991;Waddell, 2021Waddell, , 2022, such that 0 = no use, 1 = 1-2 times over the past year, 2 = 3-5 times over the past year, 3 = 5+ times over the past year but less than monthly, 4 = 1-2 times a month, 5 = 1-2 times a week, 6 = 3-5 times a week, and 7 = nearly daily.…”

Section: Alcohol and Cannabis Use Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alcohol and cannabis co-use, defined as using both alcohol and cannabis during a given time period but not necessarily on the same occasion (Gunn et al, 2018(Gunn et al, , 2022, is a consistent risk factor for alcohol misuse/alcohol use disorder (AUD; Midanik et al, 2007;Waddell, 2021). Alcohol and cannabis are the two most popular psychotropic drugs in the United States (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2020), and rates of co-using the two together have risen, particularly in emerging adults (Age 18-25;McCabe et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Frequency matters: Relations among alcohol and cannabis co-use frequency and alcohol use disorder symptoms in emerging adults.

Waddell¹

2023

Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology

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Emerging adult alcohol and cannabis co-use is on the rise and enacts risk for alcohol misuse/alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, few studies have differentiated whether levels of cannabis use (rather than any cannabis use) moderate between-person risk. Considering low-frequency co-users may use both substances via substitution, low-risk/frequency co-use may not enact the same risk for AUD as higher risk co-use. The present study sought to test this assertion. Public access data on emerging adults from the National Study on Drug Use and Health were used (2002–2019; N = 231,681). Participants reported on their past year alcohol use, cannabis use, as well as AUD symptoms. Regression models tested whether levels of cannabis use frequency moderated the association between alcohol use frequency and AUD symptom counts. A significant interaction of cannabis use frequency by alcohol use frequency predicting AUD symptoms was detected. Individuals who co-used alcohol and cannabis reported more AUD symptoms than those who only used alcohol at the same frequency or less. However, co-use was associated with lower AUD symptom counts than alcohol-only use at higher frequency. Findings suggest that all co-users (and alcohol-only users) are not necessarily created equal, and that relations among co-use and risk for AUD symptoms are complex. Rather than a dichotomy of co-users versus alcohol-only users, between-group risk may depend on frequency of both alcohol and cannabis use.

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“…Simultaneous use is a risk factor for heavier drinking, negative alcohol consequences, and AUD (e.g., Gunn et al, 2018; Jackson et al, 2020; Merrill et al, 2019; Midanik et al, 2007; Patrick, Kloska, et al, 2018; Wardell et al, 2020), and research suggests that using alcohol and cannabis simultaneously (vs. concurrently) is associated with heightened risk for heavier drinking and negative alcohol consequences (Jackson et al, 2020; Patrick, Kloska, et al, 2018). Considering that the prevalence of co-use has increased since the early 2000s (McCabe et al, 2021; Waddell, 2021a; 2021b) and most cousers report simultaneous use (i.e., nearly 75%; Patrick, Kloska, et al, 2018), it is vital to understand antecedents of this high-risk pattern of substance use.…”

Section: Outcome Expectancies and Substance Use Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

Waddell¹,

King²,

Okey³

et al. 2022

Psychological Assessment

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Social learning theories suggest that outcome expectancies are strong determinants of behavior, and studies find that alcohol and cannabis expectancies are associated with negative substance use outcomes. However, there are no measures to date that assess expectancies for simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (SAM), often referred to as SAM, despite strong links with negative consequences and rising time trends. The present study sought to provide initial validation of test scores for the Anticipated Effects of Simultaneous Alcohol and Cannabis Use Scale (AE-SAM), using a sample of past month college student simultaneous users (N = 434). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis conducted in random half samples suggested five expectancy factors, representing high arousal positive, high arousal negative (alcohol driven), high arousal negative (cannabis driven), low arousal positive, and low arousal negative expectancies. The factor structure was invariant across sex, race/ethnicity, and simultaneous use frequency, and demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity with other alcohol/cannabis expectancy measures. AE-SAM high arousal positive expectancies were associated with simultaneous use frequency and heavier drinking/cannabis use, AE-SAM high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies were associated with less frequent simultaneous use and more negative alcohol consequences, and AE-SAM low arousal negative expectancies were associated with less cannabis use. Effects of AE-SAM high arousal positive and high arousal negative (cannabis driven) expectancies remained, above and beyond other expectancy measures, suggesting that AE-SAM expectancies provide additional information beyond single substance expectancies. The results demonstrate the feasibility and utility of assessing simultaneous use expectancies, and lay groundwork for future research on simultaneous use expectancies in relation to alcohol and cannabis couse outcomes. Public Significance StatementThe present study provided initial development and validation of test scores for a five-factor simultaneous alcohol and cannabis expectancies measure that spanned the full range of valence (positive vs. negative) by arousal (high arousal vs. low arousal) affective space. Simultaneous use expectancies were incrementally associated with use behavior and negative substance use outcomes and should be considered in ongoing prevention efforts related to alcohol, cannabis, and couse across the lifespan.

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Between- and within-group effects of alcohol and cannabis co-use on AUD/CUD in the NSDUH 2002–2019

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co‐use: A test of patterns and personality predictors

Frequency matters: Relations among alcohol and cannabis co-use frequency and alcohol use disorder symptoms in emerging adults.

The anticipated effects of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use: Initial development and preliminary validation.

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