Better perception of global motion after monocular than after binocular deprivation

Ellemberg, Dave; Lewis, Terri L.; Maurer, Daphne; Brar, Sonia; Brent, Henry P.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00278-4

Cited by 185 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The existence of a restricted time window for blindness to lead to functionally specific cross-modal plasticity in right dorsal regions is consistent with previous evidence of early structural (Gogtay et al, 2004;Bourne and Rosa, 2006;Flom et al, 2009) and functional (Ellemberg et al, 2002;Fine et al, 2003;Gregory, 2003;Maurer et al, 2005) maturation of these regions. Our results also support the recent findings of Bedny et al (2010) who, focusing on hMT + /V5, reported that this region reacts more strongly to an auditory condition with higher motion content (approaching footsteps) than to a condition with lower motion content (tones increasing in intensity), in early-onset blind individuals but not in a group of five late-onset blind individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of blindness onset on the functional organization and the connectivity of the occipital cortex

Collignon

Dormal

Albouy

et al. 2013

Brain

200

177

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Contrasting the impact of congenital versus late-onset acquired blindness provides a unique model to probe how experience at different developmental periods shapes the functional organization of the occipital cortex. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize brain activations of congenitally blind, late-onset blind and two groups of sighted control individuals while they processed either the pitch or the spatial attributes of sounds. Whereas both blind groups recruited occipital regions for sound processing, activity in bilateral cuneus was only apparent in the congenitally blind, highlighting the existence of region-specific critical periods for crossmodal plasticity. Most importantly, the preferential activation of the right dorsal stream (middle occipital gyrus and cuneus) for the spatial processing of sounds was only observed in the congenitally blind. This demonstrates that vision has to be lost during an early sensitive period in order to transfer its functional specialization for space processing toward a non-visual modality. We then used a combination of dynamic causal modelling with Bayesian model selection to demonstrate that auditory-driven activity in primary visual cortex is better explained by direct connections with primary auditory cortex in the congenitally blind whereas it relies more on feedback inputs from parietal regions in the late-onset blind group. Taken together, these results demonstrate the crucial role of the developmental period of visual deprivation in (re)shaping the functional architecture and the connectivity of the occipital cortex. Such findings are clinically important now that a growing number of medical interventions may restore vision after a period of visual deprivation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of blindness onset on the functional organization and the connectivity of the occipital cortex

Collignon

Dormal

Albouy

et al. 2013

Brain

200

177

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“…Visually normal adults can detect the direction of global motion accurately even when it is carried by less than 10% of the moving dots. Previously we have shown that sensitivity to global motion, as measured by our version of the task, is adult-like by 6 years of age and is impaired after early visual deprivation (Ellemberg, Lewis, Maurer, Brar, & Brent, 2002).…”

Section: Global Motionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The stimuli and procedure were identical to that of Ellemberg et al (2002) except that thresholds were tested with the method-of-constant stimuli rather than with a staircase procedure. BrieXy, participants viewed randomdot-kinematograms (RDKs): patterns of dots moving randomly except for a proportion that moved coherently either up or down.…”

Section: Stimuli and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?

Grand

Cooper

Mondloch

et al. 2006

Brain and Cognition

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What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?Le Grand, R.; Cooper, P.A.; Mondloch, C.J.; Lewis, T.L.; Sagiv, M.; de Gelder, Bea; Maurer, D. Published in: Brain and Cognition Document version:Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2006Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Le Grand, R., Cooper, P. A., Mondloch, C. J., Lewis, T. L., Sagiv, M., de Gelder, B., & Maurer, D. (2006). What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia? Brain and Cognition, 61(2), 139-158. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. AbstractDevelopmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a severe impairment in identifying faces that is present from early in life and that occurs despite no apparent brain damage and intact visual and intellectual function. Here, we investigated what aspects of face processing are impaired/ spared in developmental prosopagnosia by examining a relatively large group of individuals with DP (n D 8) using an extensive battery of well-established tasks. The tasks included measures of sensitivity to global motion and to global form, detection that a stimulus is a face, determination of its sex, holistic face processing, processing of face identity based on features, contour, and the spacing of features, and judgments of attractiveness. The DP cases showed normal sensitivity to global motion and global form and performed normally on our tests of face detection and holistic processing. On the other tasks, many DP cases were impaired but there was no systematic pattern. At least half showed deWcits in processing of facial identity based on either the outer contour or spacing of the internal features, and/or on judgments of attractiveness. Three of the eight were impaired in processing facial identify based on the shape of internal features. The results show that DP is a heterogeneous condition and that impairment in recognizing faces cannot be predicted by poor performance on any one measure of face processing.

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“…[7][8][9] Importantly, this dissociation has received substantial support from recent research showing that atypical development differentially affects global and configural skills, with the former being spared and the latter being deficient. 6,[8][9][10][11] Interestingly, a comparable dissociation has also been found in children born with congenital cataracts, 12,13 who show increased difficulties in tasks involving configural processing, such as motion 14 conditions, yet they are both characterized by exposure to the visual world at a different time from expected under normal development -early deprivation and early stimulation respectively -which could, in turn, result in atypical development of visual function. Following the line of recent studies on the development of human visuoperception, the investigation of a possible dissociation between global and configural abilities in preterm children appears of special interest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Does preterm birth affect global and configural processing differently?

Santos¹,

Duret²,

Mancini³

et al. 2010

Develop Med Child Neuro

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AIM We investigated whether preterm birth affects later visuocognitive function and, in particular, whether it affects global and configural perceptual processing differently.METHOD We compared the performance of 21 healthy preterm children (8 females, 13 males; mean age 7y 8mo, SD 8mo; mean gestational age 29.3wks, SD 1.9; mean birthweight 1186.5g, SD 377.2) with that of a matched term comparison group (8 females, 13 males; mean age 7y 11mo, SD 1y 1mo; mean gestational age >37wks; mean birthweight >2500g) in two perceptual tasks pinpointing differences between local and global and between local and configural processing.RESULTS There was no difference between preterm and term children's global processing, as both groups showed a bias towards global information (preterm: t[1,20]=2.6, p=0.01; comparison group: t[1,20]=3.0, p=0.01). By contrast, no such typical pattern of performance was found for configural processing as, unlike the comparison group (t[1,20]=7.1, p<0.001), preterm children preferentially relied on local rather than on configural information (t[1,20]=)15.4, p<0.001).INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that preterm birth may have a greater influence on the development of later perceptual skills than originally envisaged. We discuss the results according to the current and dominant view of the visual system.Advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine have led to a substantial increase in the survival rate of preterm infants. However, preterm birth remains a major cause of neurocognitive deficits in childhood.1 For instance, there is evidence for visuocognitive deficits in preterm children. At the visuoconstructive level they score significantly lower than children born at term in tasks such as copying figures, cutting-out geometric forms, building forms, and drawing.2 At the visuoperceptual level, early studies have suggested that preterm children without major neurological impairments perform remarkably well on most tests of visual perception.3 However, this assumption has been challenged by evidence of difficulties in depth perception, 4 complex visual search, 3 and motion processing. 5Visuoperceptual processing in preterm children is thus an issue that is far from being fully understood. This study aimed to investigate further whether perceptual abilities in preterm children develop atypically and whether this affects global and configural processing differently. For this, we compared the performance of healthy preterm children with that of a closely matched comparison group on two perceptual tasks previously found effective in pinpointing differences between local and global, and between local and configural processing strategies. 6 Configural processing refers to any process that takes into account the spatial interrelationships between stimulus components.7 It is contrasted with part-based processing, which is also called featural or local processing.7 Although local properties of a stimulus are clearly understood as the parts or elements composing it, global and configural properties of vis...

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Better perception of global motion after monocular than after binocular deprivation

Cited by 185 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of blindness onset on the functional organization and the connectivity of the occipital cortex

Impact of blindness onset on the functional organization and the connectivity of the occipital cortex

What aspects of face processing are impaired in developmental prosopagnosia?

Does preterm birth affect global and configural processing differently?

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