Beta-tricalcium phosphate enhanced mechanical and biological properties of 3D-printed polyhydroxyalkanoates scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Resorbable Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration: Critical Features, Potentials, and Limitations

“…To address this issue, β-TCP was included in the composite membrane due to its great osteo-conductivity and biocompatibility . Additionally, β-TCP could act as a precursor for Ca 2+ and PO 4 3– ions, encouraging bone regeneration in osteogenesis . Using the electrospinning technique, Ezati et al fabricated polymeric nanofibers with a diameter range of 200–500 nm, resulting in highly porous membranes with efficient nutrient exchange and cell migration into the scaffold.…”

Polyhydroxyalkanoates: the natural biopolyester for future medical innovations

“…230 Similarly, in vivo bone-repair evaluation showed that after the PHBV/HA scaffold was implanted into the tibia of rabbits, osteoblasts appeared at the interface region of the implant material and tissue, leading to a thickness increase of the nascent bone from 130 to 770 μm within months, accompanied by scaffold degradation. 132 In addition to HA, other components can also improve the mechanical properties and osteogenic cell activity of PHA devices, such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP), 104,181,240,245–247 bioactive glass (BG), 86,162,174,181,186,244,248 B-wollastonite, 249,250 graphene oxide (GO), 251,252 natural coral, 253 carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 254–256 CaCO 3 , 257 montmorillonite (MMT), 258 bredigite (BR), 259,260 and diatom shells (DSs). 261…”

Mechanism and application of 3D-printed degradable bioceramic scaffolds for bone repair

“…Many studies have shown that FDM-based scaffolds have excellent tunable mechanical and biochemical properties, which can be exploited for bone regeneration. 17,21,51,85 The degradable composite β-TCP scaffold formed using FDM exhibited excellent biological and mechanical properties, making it a promising candidate for bone tissue engineering. 21 However, the viscosity of the molten material and nozzle size limit the printing resolution as well as shape and precision of the objects produced by FDM compared to those produced by SLA.…”

“…18,19 In recent years, 3D-printing technology, as a pioneering manufacturing method, has been intensely studied to address these structural challenges, providing an innovative method to create porous scaffolds with improved bioactive characteristics for bone regeneration. 8–10,20,21 The preparation of bioceramic nanoparticles, their blending with other materials, or using 3D-printed customized structures allows for faster degradation of hard-to-degrade bioceramic materials such as hydroxyapatite (HA), 22,23 while degradable bioceramic materials such as tricalcium phosphate (TCP) achieve better mechanical properties and a more controlled degradation rate. 16,24 Degradable 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds allow for the microscale structural design of customized scaffolds; when the bioceramic material degrades, a composition similar to that of bone tissue promotes bone regeneration and provides space for the growth of new bone.…”