Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus infection in burns

Bang, Rameshwar L.; Gang, R. K.; Sanyal, Sudip; Mokaddas, Eiman; Lari, Abdul Reda

doi:10.1016/s0305-4179(98)00167-3

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Case fatality rates were 40% or higher depending on the extent of the burn injury (272,285,340,341). Immediate colonization by the patient's normal skin flora (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) occurred following injury (23,164,249,259,333). Subsequent colonization by the patient's own gut flora added to the complex microbial ecology on the burn wound surface shortly thereafter (106,248,266,267,269,371).…”

Section: Impact Of Changes In Burn Wound Carementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 lists the most common microorganisms colonizing and infecting burn wounds. Prior to the antibiotic era, Streptococcus pyogenes (group A beta-hemolytic streptococci) was the predominant pathogen implicated in burn wound infections and was a major cause of death in severely burned patients (23,246,249). Staphylococcus aureus became the principal etiological agent of burn wound infections (250,333) shortly after the introduction of penicillin G in the early 1950s, which resulted in the virtual elimination of Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of infection in thermally injured patients.…”

Section: Microbial Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Staphylococcus aureus remains a common cause of early burn wound infection, Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the patient's endogenous gastrointestinal flora and/or an environmental source is the most common cause of burn wound infections in many centers (6). The incidence of infections due to less commonly encountered microbes, including other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and viruses, has also increased steadily in subsequent decades (3,23,37,65,92,105,143,149,360,389) (Table 2). While less common, infections due to anaerobic bacteria typically occur secondary to electrical burns or when open wound dressings are used in place of occlusive dressings (308).…”

Section: Microbial Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burn Wound Infections

Church

Elsayed

Reid³

et al. 2006

Clin Microbiol Rev

1,597

1,345

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SUMMARYBurns are one of the most common and devastating forms of trauma. Patients with serious thermal injury require immediate specialized care in order to minimize morbidity and mortality. Significant thermal injuries induce a state of immunosuppression that predisposes burn patients to infectious complications. A current summary of the classifications of burn wound infections, including their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, is given. Early excision of the eschar has substantially decreased the incidence of invasive burn wound infection and secondary sepsis, but most deaths in severely burn-injured patients are still due to burn wound sepsis or complications due to inhalation injury. Burn patients are also at risk for developing sepsis secondary to pneumonia, catheter-related infections, and suppurative thrombophlebitis. The introduction of silver-impregnated devices (e.g., central lines and Foley urinary catheters) may reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections due to prolonged placement of these devices. Improved outcomes for severely burned patients have been attributed to medical advances in fluid resuscitation, nutritional support, pulmonary and burn wound care, and infection control practices.

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Section: Impact Of Changes In Burn Wound Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microbial Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burn Wound Infections

Church

Elsayed

Reid³

et al. 2006

Clin Microbiol Rev

1,597

1,345

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“…The penicillin prophylaxis was discontinued because beta-haemolytic Streptococcus cellulitis was rare in our patients [18] and, as demonstrated by other studies, it is of no benefit and may even be harmful [19,20]. Piperacillin and amikacin prophylaxis, used during 1993-1996, was stopped in January 1997 on the grounds that specific antibiotics should be given if sepsis or septicaemia was proved clinically or microbiologically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Burn Septicaemia in Kuwait: Associated Demographic and Clinical Factors

Bang

Sanyal²,

Bang³

et al. 2004

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To study the demographic and clinical factors associated with burn septicaemia patients in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: All burn in-patients, who developed septicaemia at the Burns Unit, Al-Babtain Centre for Burns and Plastic Surgery, Kuwait, during a 9-year period (June 1992 to May 2001) were included in the study. The data were recorded for age, sex, nationality, cause and percentage of burns, inhalation injury, resuscitation, number of episodes, septicaemia on post-burn day, the microorganisms responsible in each episode, treatment and outcome for statistical analysis. Using SPSS (PC version 11.0) software, a probability level of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 2,082 patients treated in the Burns Unit, 166 [8%; 99 (60%) males and 67 (40%) females] with a mean age of 26 years (range 1–70) had septicaemia. Significantly higher (p < 0.001) cases were recorded among Kuwaiti children (≤14 years) and non-Kuwaitis (25–59 years) than other corresponding age groups. The total body surface area burned ranged from 2 to 95% (mean 42%) and the main cause of burn was flame (77.1%). Inhalation injury was diagnosed in 39 (23.5%) patients. A total of 253 septicaemic episodes occurred in all patients. The majority, 123 (74.1%), had a single episode and the remaining 43 (25.6%) had multiple (2–10) episodes. One hundred and fifty-five (61.3%) episodes were due to gram-positive organisms, mainly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 32 (12.7%) were polymicrobial. One hundred and twenty-four (74.7%) patients had wound excision and skin grafting procedures and their survival was significantly higher (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.98–9.31) than non-surgically treated patients. Thirty-nine (23.5%) patients died mainly due to multi-organ failure. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the patients with extensive flame burns were prone to developing septicaemia due mainly to gram-positive bacteria. The surgical excision of eschar and wound covering improved the outcome of the patients while prophylactic antibiotic treatment had no role in the incidence and outcome of the burn patients.

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“…This indicates their ability to produce skin infections[18] with a diverse array of virulence factors that facilitate adherence of host tissues, including coagulase, protein A, leukocidins, haemolysins and superantigens[14153940]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus against bacterial isolates from burn wounds

Jebur¹

2010

NAJMS

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Background:Probiotics are live microorganisms which are mainly strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. When administered in adequate amounts, these microorganisms offer a health benefit for the host. Probiotic organisms are also available commercially in milk, sour milk, ice cream and other foods.Aims:To identify bacterial species isolated from burn wounds, and also to evaluate (In-vitro) the therapeutic efficacy of Lacto. acidophilus against these bacterial isolates. To compare this activity to other antibacterial agents which are used medically in the treatment of burn wound cases.Materials and Methods:Burn wound swabs were obtained from 50 patients who had been admitted to hospitals in Baghdad during August to November 2009. These swabs were inoculated onto enriched and differential culture media. Subcultures were performed on selective media. The necessary biochemical tests were conducted and the organisms identified using standard procedures. Susceptibility of isolated pathogens to local isolates Lacto. Acidophilus (with 1×108 cells/mL) and 10 commonly used burn wounds antibiotics was examined using standard susceptibility testing.Results:Ninety different organisms were isolated. Gram-positive cocci accounted for 16 (17.7%) and gram-negative bacilli for 74 (82.2%) bacterial isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 30(33.3%) were the most commonly isolated organisms, followed by Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.(22.2,20,4.4,2.2%), respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were performed in 8(8.8%). However, the incidence of Staphylococcus epidermidis was 2 (2.2%), while ß-haemolytic Streptococci was 4(4.4%). In susceptibility testing, Lacto. acidophilus had coverage against 90 (100%) of 74 gram-negative and 16 of gram-positive bacteria tested. The coverage of the remaining 10 antibacterial agents used was different in their activity (resistance or sensitivity), which ranged between 50-100%.Conclusion:The results of the study concluded that lactobacillus acidophilus concentration of 1×108 cells/mL had a high activity to inhibit the growth in-vitro of all pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, which cause burn wound infections. This indicated the therapeutic efficacy of lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria.

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Beta-haemolytic Streptococcus infection in burns

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Burn Wound Infections

Burn Wound Infections

Burn Septicaemia in Kuwait: Associated Demographic and Clinical Factors

Therapeutic efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus against bacterial isolates from burn wounds

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