Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Mirończuk-Chodakowska, Iwona; Kujawowicz, Karolina; Witkowska, Anna

doi:10.3390/nu13113960

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 194 publications

(266 reference statements)

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“…Studies have shown that resistant starch potentiates butyrate production and yields more butyrate than non-starch polysaccharides ( 30 , 31 ). Other non-easily digested polysaccharides producing butyrate include cereal breakfasts, such as barley and oats, containing β-glucans, which are also naturally present in edible mushrooms and seaweed ( 32 ). Finally, inulin, on the other hand, is mainly found in artichokes, onion, and chicory roots ( 33 ) are also good foods to increase intestinal butyrate.…”

Section: Sources Of Butyrate In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of butyrate in obesity and diabetes: New insights

et al. 2022

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Studies in human microbiota dysbiosis have shown that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like propionate, acetate, and particularly butyrate, positively affect energy homeostasis, behavior, and inflammation. This positive effect can be demonstrated in the reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria observed in the gut microbiota of individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and other energy-associated metabolic alterations. Butyrate is the major end product of dietary fiber bacterial fermentation in the large intestine and serves as the primary energy source for colonocytes. In addition, it plays a key role in reducing glycemia and improving body weight control and insulin sensitivity. The major mechanisms involved in butyrate regulation include key signaling pathways such as AMPK, p38, HDAC inhibition, and cAMP production/signaling. Treatment strategies using butyrate aim to increase its intestine levels, bioavailability, and improvement in delivery either through direct supplementation or by increasing dietary fiber in the diet, which ultimately generates a higher production of butyrate in the gut. In the final part of this review, we present a summary of the most relevant studies currently being carried out in humans.

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Section: Sources Of Butyrate In Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective role of butyrate in obesity and diabetes: New insights

et al. 2022

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“…[2,6]. There is evidence that β-glucan polysaccharides, obtained from mushrooms, possess antiviral activity and could fight against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID- 19) due to different mechanisms of immunomodulation [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of Biomass and Crude Exopolysaccharides Obtained by Controlled Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor

Angelova

Brazkova

Mihaylova

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study is to characterize the bioactivity of mycelial biomass and crude exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes versicolor NBIMCC 8939 and to reveal its nutraceutical potential. The EPS (1.58 g/L) were isolated from a culture broth. The macrofungal biomass was rich in protein, insoluble dietary fibers and glucans. The amino acid composition of the biomass was analyzed and 18 amino acids were detected. Three mycelial biomass extracts were prepared and the highest total polyphenol content (16.11 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DW) and the total flavonoid content (5.15 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) were found in the water extract. The results indicated that the obtained EPS were heteropolysaccharides with glucose as the main building monosaccharide and minor amounts of mannose, xylose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the complex structure of the crude EPS. Five probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains were used for the determination of the prebiotic effect of the crude EPS. The anti-inflammatory potential was tested in vitro using cell line HT-29. The significant decrease of IL-1 and IL-8 and increase of TGF-beta expression revealed anti-inflammatory potential of the crude exopolysaccharides from T. versicolor.

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“…However, the priority scientific focus is on β-glucans. Mironczuk-Chodakowska et al [ 56 ] state that β-glucans are natural molecules that have beneficial potential thanks to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-allergic antiviral properties. The concentration of β-glucans is several times higher compared to α-glucan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Biochemical and Genetic Variability of Pleurotus ostreatus Based on the β-Glucans and CDDP Markers

Golian

Chlebová

Žiarovská

et al. 2022

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Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is still one of the most cultivated edible and medicinal mushrooms. Despite its frequent cultivation around the world, there is currently just a little information available on the variability of strains in terms of the content of β-glucans in them. This work presents an extensive study of 60 strains in terms of the content of α-glucans and β-glucans in their caps and stipes. The authenticity of the production strains based on an analysis of the variability of their genome by CDDP (Conserved DNA-derived polymorphism) markers was confirmed, whereas identical CDDP profiles were identified between samples 45, 89, 95, and 96. Genetic variability of the analyzed production strains showed a high polymorphism and effective discriminative power of the used marking technique. Medium positive correlations were found among the CDDP profiles and β-glucan content in the group of strains that generated the same CDDP profiles, and low negative correlation was found among these profiles in the group of low β-glucan content strains. For the determination of glucans content, Mushroom and Yeast analytical enzymatic kit (Megazyme, Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland) were used. The results clearly showed that the stipe contains on average 33% more β-glucans than the cap. The minimum detected β-glucan content in the stipe was in strain no. 72, specifically 22%, and the maximum in strain no. 43, specifically 56%, which after the conversion represents a difference of 155%. From the point of view of β-glucan content, the stated strain no. 43 appears to be very suitable for the commercial production of β-glucans under certain conditions.

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Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Cited by 50 publications

References 194 publications

Protective role of butyrate in obesity and diabetes: New insights

Protective role of butyrate in obesity and diabetes: New insights

Bioactivity of Biomass and Crude Exopolysaccharides Obtained by Controlled Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor

Analysis of Biochemical and Genetic Variability of Pleurotus ostreatus Based on the β-Glucans and CDDP Markers

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