.BETA.-Cryptoxanthin and Bone Metabolism: The Preventive Role in Osteoporosis

Abstract

Bone loss with aging induces osteoporosis. The most dramatic expression of the disease is represented by fractures of the proximal femur. Pharmacologic and nutritional factors may play a role in the prevention of bone loss with aging. β-Cryptoxanthin, a kind of carotenoid, is abundant in Satsuma mandarin orange (Citrus unshiu MARC.). Amoung various carotenoids including β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, β-carotene, astaxanthin, and rutin, β-cryptoxanthin has been found to have a unique anabolic effect on bone calcification in vitro. Hesperidin, which is contained in Satsuma mandarin orange, did not have an anabolic effect on bone calcification in vitro. β-Cryptoxanthin has stimulatory effects on osteoblastic bone formation and inhibitory effects on osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro, thereby increasing bone mass. β-Cryptoxanthin has an effect on the gene expression of various proteins which are related to osteoblastic bone formation and mineralization in vitro. β-Cryptoxanthin has inhibitory effects on enzyme activity which is related to osteoclastic bone resororption, and the carotenoid induces apoptosis of mature osteoclastic cells in vitro. Oral administration of β-cryptoxanthin has been shown to have the anabolic effects on bone components in young and aged rats, and the administration has the preventive effects on bone loss in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and ovariectomized rats in vivo. Moreover, the intake of β-cryptoxanthin-reinforced juice for longer periods has been shown to have both stimulatory effects on bone formation and inhibitory effects on bone resorption in healthy human or postmenopausal women in evaluating with serum biochemical markers of bone metabolism in vivo. Thus the intake of dietary β-cryptoxanthin may have a preventive effect on osteoporosis due to stimulating bone formation and due to inhibiting bone resorption. Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest the potential role of β-cryptoxanthin as a sustainable nutritional approach to improving bone health of human subjects. β-Cryptoxanthin is an important food factor in maintaining bone healthy and in preventing osteoporosis.

Influence of Enzyme Liquefaction Treatment on Major Carotenoids of Carrot (Daucus carrot L.) Juice

“…), preventing osteoporosis (Sugiura et al . ; Yamaguchi ) and the impact on human gene expression and cell differentiation (Handelman ). In addition, some researchers reported that carotenoids can be used as a marker to study the human dietary conditions (Hozawa et al .…”

Immunostimulatory effect of β-cryptoxanthin in vitro and in vivo

“…As with other carotenoids, b-Crp acts as an antioxidant and scavenges radicals (Miller, Sampson, Candeias, Bramley, & Rice-Evans, 1996) and stimulates the repair of oxidative damage to DNA (Lorenzo et al, 2009). Other studies have indicated that b-Crp reduces the risk of lung and colon cancers (Lian, Hu, Russell, & Wang, 2006;Miyazawa et al, 2007;Tanaka et al, 2000;Yuan, Stram, Arakawa, Lee, & Yu, 2003) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (Yamaguchi, 2008), suggesting that b-Crp has a wide range of beneficial functions in the body. However, effects of b-Crp on the immune system have not currently been investigated.…”

Vorschau auf Heft 1/2017

“…Lutein and zeaxanthin have been related to a decreased risk of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract 6. β ‐Cryptoxanthin has proven to have chemopreventive effects on cell migration of human stomach cells (BGC‐823) 7 and to also have a preventive role in osteoporosis in vitro 8. Capsanthin was shown to increase plasma HDL‐cholesterol levels on Wistar rats 9, a potent in vitro anti‐tumor activity in Epstein‐Barr virus activation assay in Raji cells, and in vivo anti‐tumor activity in mouse skin papillomas 10.…”