Bestrophin 2: An anion channel associated with neurogenesis in chemosensory systems

Klimmeck, Daniel; Daiber, Philipp; Brühl, Anja; Baumann, Arnd; Frings, Stephan; Möhrlen, Frank

doi:10.1002/cne.22075

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…In this study, we confirmed that Best2 is expressed in the ciliary layer of olfactory sensory neurons and that the antibody against Best2 we previously developed (Pifferi et al 2006 b ) is specific for this protein, as demonstrated by the absence of immunostaining in the olfactory epithelium of KO mice. Thus, these data, together with those of a very recently published study (Klimmeck et al 2009) in which the expression of Best2 in the olfactory epithelium was extensively investigated, solve the reported controversy (Hartzell et al 2008; Marmorstein et al 2009) as to whether mouseBest2 is indeed expressed in the olfactory epithelium. In fact, Bakall et al (2008), by employing immunoistochemistry in the same mouse lines of the present study, found expression of the Best2 protein in the colon and in the eye (in the non‐pigmented epithelia cells of the ciliary body) of WT mice, but not in the olfactory epithelium, although they detected a Best2 transcript.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Calcium‐activated chloride currents in olfactory sensory neurons from mice lacking bestrophin‐2

Pifferi

Dibattista

Sagheddu

et al. 2009

The Journal of Physiology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Calcium‐activated chloride currents in olfactory sensory neurons from mice lacking bestrophin‐2

Pifferi

Dibattista

Sagheddu

et al. 2009

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Immunohistochemical staining of cryosections of 18 μm thickness was performed as previously described (Bönigk et al 1999;Klimmeck et al 2009). For whole-mount preparations, the following modifications were applied.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression patterns of anoctamin 1 and anoctamin 2 chloride channels in the mammalian nose

et al. 2012

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Calcium-activated chloride channels are expressed in chemosensory neurons of the nose and contribute to secretory processes and sensory signal transduction. These channels are thought to be members of the family of anoctamins (alternative name: TMEM16 proteins), which are opened by micromolar concentrations of intracellular Ca(2+). Two family members,ANO 1 (TMEM16A) and ANO 2 (TMEM16B), are expressed in the various sensory and respiratory tissues of the nose.We have examined the tissue specificity and sub-cellular localization of these channels in the nasal respiratory epithelium and in the five chemosensory organs of the nose: the main olfactory epithelium, the septal organ of Masera, the vomeronasal organ, the Grueneberg ganglion and the trigeminal system. We have found that the two channels show mutually exclusive expression patterns. ANO 1 is present in the apical membranes of various secretory epithelia in which it is co-localized with the water channel aquaporin 5. It has also been detected in acinar cells and duct cells of subepithelial glands and in the supporting cells of sensory epithelia. In contrast, ANO 2 expression is restricted to chemosensory neurons in which it has been detected in microvillar and ciliary surface structures. The different expression patterns of ANO 1 and ANO 2 have been observed in the olfactory, vomeronasal and respiratory epithelia. No expression has been detected in the Grueneberg ganglion or trigeminal sensory fibers. On the basis of this differential expression, we derive the main functional features of ANO 1 and ANO 2 chloride channels in the nose and suggest their significance for nasal physiology.

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“…Ectopic expression of xBest2 causes defects in dorsal axis formation and in mesodermal gene expression during gastrulation. Furthermore, indirect evidence suggests that mBest2 plays a role during differentiation and growth of axons and cilia in the olfactory system (152). The expression of mBest2 correlates with neuronal regeneration of olfactory neurons.…”

Section: Bestrophin Function Is Controversialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Channels: Often Enigmatic, Rarely Predictable

Duran

Thompson

Xiao

et al. 2010

Annu. Rev. Physiol.

295

278

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Until recently, anion (Cl − ) channels have received considerably less attention than cation channels. One reason for this may be that many Cl − channels perform functions that might be considered cell biological, like fluid secretion and cell volume regulation, whereas cation channels have historically been associated with cellular excitability that typically happens more rapidly. In this review, we discuss the recent explosion of interest in Cl − channels with special emphasis on new and often surprising developments over the last 5 years. This is exemplified by the findings that more than half of the ClC family members are antiporters, and not channels as was previously thought, and that bestrophins, previously prime candidates for Ca 2+ -activated Cl − channels, have been supplanted by the newly discovered anoctamins and now hold a tenuous position in the Cl − channel world. Keywords channelopathies; ion transport; bestrophin; TMEM16; anoctamin; ClC A Short History of Chloride in Biological SystemsNot long ago, Cl − channels were the Rodney Dangerfield of the ion channel field. Rodney Dangerfield (1921Dangerfield ( -2004) was a comedian who became famous for his joke: "I get no respect. I played hide-and-seek, and they wouldn't even look for me." After a small flurry of work on Cl − channels in the 50's and 60's, interest in Cl − channels dwindled until the 1990's. In the first edition of the "bible" on ion channels published in 1984 (1), less than 3 pages were devoted to Cl − channels, because it was thought that Cl − was usually in electrochemical equilibrium across cell membranes. This made Cl − less interesting than other ions that exhibited the potential to do some work. This mis-impression occurred because many early studies on Cl − were performed on skeletal muscle and erythrocytes where resting Cl − permeability is very high so that even if there is active Cl − transport present, Cl − is in electrochemical equilibrium. §Corresponding author: H. Criss Hartzell, Department of Cell Biology, 615 Michael St., 535 Whitehead Building, Emory, University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, criss.hartzell@emory.edu, NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAnnu Rev Physiol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 March 17. Published in final edited form as:Annu Rev Physiol. 2010 March 17; 72: 95-121. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135811. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptThe demonstration that Cl − is actively transported in squid axons (2) and secreted (as HCl) by stomach (3) did not seem to attract much attention. Even the discovery that the inhibitory action of GABA was caused by an increased Cl − conductance did little to dispel the idea that Cl − could be out of electrochemical equilibrium. Because the reversal potentials of GABA-induced i.p.s.p.'s were very close to the resting potential, it was reasonably concluded that "normally Cl − ions are in electro-chemical equilibrium across the membrane" (4).Into the 1990's, the position of Cl − channels in cell...

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Bestrophin 2: An anion channel associated with neurogenesis in chemosensory systems

Cited by 9 publications

References 102 publications

Calcium‐activated chloride currents in olfactory sensory neurons from mice lacking bestrophin‐2

Calcium‐activated chloride currents in olfactory sensory neurons from mice lacking bestrophin‐2

Expression patterns of anoctamin 1 and anoctamin 2 chloride channels in the mammalian nose

Chloride Channels: Often Enigmatic, Rarely Predictable

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