Best Practices and Testing Protocols for Benchmarking ORR Activities of Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using Rotating Disk Electrode

Kocha, Shyam S.; Shinozaki, Kazuma; Zack, Jason W.; Myers, Deborah J.; Kariuki, Nancy N.; Nowicki, Tammi; Stamenković, Vojislav R.; Kang, Yijin; Li, Dongguo; Papageorgopoulos, Dimitrios

doi:10.1007/s12678-017-0378-6

Cited by 139 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Consistent and accurate measurements of metrics (onset potential, overpotential, half‐wave potential, limiting current density, and exchange current density) through good electrochemical practice is vital when vastly different catalysts are being compared and new materials are emerging at such a fast rate. Many guides to best practice in using rotating disk electrode (RDE) or rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) to evaluate catalysts exist, though their advice is not always followed in the literature as evidenced by recent articles on common pitfalls in electrochemical catalyst evaluation . Considering the impact of catalyst loading on the amount of peroxide intermediate seen in RRDE experiments, it is recommended that evaluation of all new catalysts should be made with loading ranges from 40 to 800 µg cm −2 before any conclusions about the four‐electron pathway are made .…”

Section: Best Practice For Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Sobrido

Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

117

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Sustainable energy production at an acceptable cost is key for its widespread application. At present, noble metals and metal oxides are the most widely used for electrocatalysis, but they suffer from low selectivity, poor durability, and scarcity. Because of this, metal‐free carbons have become the subject of great interest as promising alternative electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage devices, and remarkable progress has been accomplished in the advance of metal‐free carbons as electrocatalysts for renewable energy technologies. Particularly interesting are 3D porous carbon architectures, which exhibit outstanding features for electrocatalysis applications, including broad range of active sites, interconnected porosity, high conductivity, and mechanical stability. This review summarizes the latest advances in 3D porous carbon structures for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. The structure–performance relationship of these materials is consequently rationalized and perspectives on creating more efficient 3D carbon electrocatalysts are suggested.

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Section: Best Practice For Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Sobrido

Jervis

Periasamy

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

117

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“…It is worth noting that the reported SA values are mean values calculated at least from 3-4 independent and statistically significant ORR measurements. At this respect, it is important to recall that the ORR activity and reproducibility are strongly affected by a number of experimental parameters [64,65] that control the catalyst film thickness and uniformity (film quality). The lack of control of these experimental parameters is the origin of inaccurate, irreproducible and unreliable ORR measurements [64,65].…”

Section: Oxygen Reduction In 01 M Hclo4 and 01 M Koh Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loading effect of carbon-supported platinum nanocubes on oxygen electroreduction

Jukk

Kongi

Tammeveski

et al. 2017

Electrochimica Acta

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Loading effect of carbonsupported platinum nanocubes on oxygen electroreduction, Electrochimica Actahttp://dx. Graphical abstract Research highlights Cubic Pt nanoparticles are synthesised in the presence of oleylamine and oleic acid  Vulcan carbon is used as a support for cubic Pt nanoparticles with various loading  Pt/C catalysts revealed a high ORR activity in both acid and alkaline solutions  Pt/C catalysts showed similar specific and mass activity independently of Pt loading  Important methodological aspects regarding Pt/C catalyst testing are highlighted AbstractIn this work, Vulcan carbon-supported cube-shape Pt nanoparticles with various metal loadings were synthesised in the presence of oleylamine and oleic acid. Surface morphology of different Pt/C samples was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their metal loading verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TEM micrographs showed Pt nanoparticles with a preferential cubic-shape and increased agglomeration of the particles with increasing Pt loading. Electrochemical characterisation of the Pt/C catalysts indicated that the resulting Pt nanoparticles present a preferential (100) surface structure. The electrocatalytic properties of the Pt/C catalysts of different metal loading were evaluated towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) both in acidic and alkaline media employing the rotating disk electrode (RDE) configuration. Interestingly, similar specific and mass activities were found in both solutions revealing that the ORR activities were independent of the Pt loading and suggesting that all the Pt nanocubes contributed as isolated particles.

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“…Catalytic inks were fabricated for the Pt 2 NiCo/C and Pt/C (Pt/C Etek ® 20 wt.%) catalysts according to a previously reported protocol [43] and deposited on a glassy carbon disk electrode (0.196 cm 2 ) with Pt loadings of 20 ± 2 µg Pt cm geo −2 . Electrochemical experiments were performed at room temperature (25 ± 2 • C) in a three-electrode electrochemical cell using a 0.1 M HClO 4 solution as electrolyte.…”

Section: Electrochemical Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trimetallic Pt2NiCo/C Electrocatalyst with Enhanced Activity and Durability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

et al. 2020

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Commercialization of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) requires that electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) satisfy two main considerations: materials must be highly active and show long-term stability in acid medium. Here, we describe the synthesis, physical characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of carbon-dispersed Pt2NiCo nanocatalysts for ORR in acid medium. We synthesized a trimetallic electrocatalyst via chemical route in organic medium and investigated the physical properties of the Pt2NiCo/C nanocatalyst by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDXS-SEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), whereas the catalytic activities of the Pt2NiCo/C and Pt/C nanocatalysts were determined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), CO-stripping, and rotating disk electrode (RDE) electrochemical techniques. XRD and EDXS-SEM results confirmed the presence of the three metals in the nanoparticles, and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allowed observation of the Pt2NiCo nanoparticles at ~10 nm. The measured specific activity for the synthesized nanocatalyst is ~6.4-fold higher than that of Pt/C alone, and its mass activity is ~2.2-fold higher than that of Pt/C, which is attributed to the synergistic interaction of the trimetallic electrocatalyst. Furthermore, the specific and mass activities of the synthesized material are maintained after the accelerated stability test, whereas the catalytic properties of Pt/C decreased. These results suggest that the Pt2NiCo/C trimetallic nanocatalyst is a promising candidate cathode electrode for use in PEMFCs.

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Best Practices and Testing Protocols for Benchmarking ORR Activities of Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts Using Rotating Disk Electrode

Cited by 139 publications

References 74 publications

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

3D Carbon Materials for Efficient Oxygen and Hydrogen Electrocatalysis

Loading effect of carbon-supported platinum nanocubes on oxygen electroreduction

A Trimetallic Pt2NiCo/C Electrocatalyst with Enhanced Activity and Durability for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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