Best Practice Options: Mali

Abstract

Mali, a poor country that embraced democracy in 1991, is considered a democratic role model for francophone Africa. It is grappling with several migration issues, including well-established networks that move thousands of Malians abroad, often with false documents, for $2,000 to $3,000; the dependence of the Kayes region, with 1.5 million residents, on emigration, particularly the remittances sent by its workers abroad; and the migration of Mali and Burkina Faso children to work on cocoa and coffee plantations in Côte d'Ivoire and other neighbouring countries.

The Impact of Remittances on Nutritional Status of Children in Ecuador

“…6 For example, Brockerhoff (1990) reports that female rural-urban migration has a positive effect on child survival in Senegal, a finding that is confirmed by a later work of this same author analyzing surveys of 17 countries (Brockerhoff, 1994). At a higher level of analysis, there is also evidence that remittances contribute to construction of health centers and hospitals in the country of origin (Martin, Martin, and Weil, 2002). At a higher level of analysis, there is also evidence that remittances contribute to construction of health centers and hospitals in the country of origin (Martin, Martin, and Weil, 2002).…”

Turning the Tide? Why Development Will Not Stop Migration

“…The Malian government is also open to co‐development; it co‐operates with assisted return programmes for unauthorized Malians in France, and works with international organizations to attract educated Malians back to Mali. About 500 unauthorized Malians in France agreed to return in exchange for US$ 3,600 each, with which to open various types of businesses (Martin et al, 2002). Recent EU policies seem to increasingly embrace the concept of co‐development, thereby employing a narrow focus on the ‘return potential’ as a development factor (Nyberg‐Sørensen et al, 2002b: 56).…”

The Impact of Migrant Remittances on Economic Growth: Evidence from South Asia

“…Remittances have been found to have a number of positive effects on the developing economies. They have served as insurance policies against risks associated with new production activities and reduced income inequality (Taylor, 1999), helped low income households to smoothen their consumption by reducing their vulnerability to adverse shocks (Yang and Choi, 2007), increased the propensity to save (Adams, 2002), reduced poverty (Adams and Page, 2005) and even helped build schools and clinics (see Orozco, 2000; Martin et al, 2002). Remittances have also been found to promote economic growth (Mundaca, 2009), promote financial sector development (Aggarwal et al, 2006; Giuliano and Ruiz‐Arranz, 2009) and reduce output volatility (Chami et al, 2009).…”