Best Management Practices Effects on Anthracnose Disease of Annual Bluegrass

Hempfling, James W.; Schmid, Charles J.; Wang, Ruying; Clarke, Bruce B.; Murphy, James A.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2016.06.0492

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, topdressing alone is not sufficient for controlling anthracnose disease. Hempfling et al (2017) reported topdressing in combination with other best management practices without fungicides provided acceptable disease suppression during moderate but not severe disease epidemics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Anthracnose is particularly severe on annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] putting greens (Smiley et al, 2005). Sand topdressing programs can improve turf quality and suppress the severity of anthracnose on annual bluegrass putting green turf (Hempfling et al, 2015(Hempfling et al, , 2017Inguagiato et al, 2012Inguagiato et al, , 2013Roberts and Murphy, 2014;Wang et al, 2018). Inguagiato et al (2013) found that particle shape of topdressing sand had no effect on anthracnose.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sand Size Affects Topdressing Removed by Mowing and Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf

Wang¹,

Hempfling²,

Clarke³

et al. 2020

horts

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Sand size can affect the ability to incorporate topdressing into the turf canopy and thatch on golf course putting greens; unincorporated sand interferes with mowing and play. This 3-year field trial was initiated to determine the effects of sand size on sand incorporation, surface wetness, and anthracnose (caused by Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] maintained as a putting green. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications; treatments included a non-topdressed control and three topdressing sands (medium-coarse, medium, or medium-fine) applied every 2 weeks at 0.15 L·m−2 during the summer. Topdressing with medium-coarse sand was more difficult to incorporate than the medium and medium-fine sands, resulting in a greater quantity of sand collected with mower clippings. Analyzing the particle distribution of sand removed by mowing confirmed that coarser sand particles were more likely to be removed in mower clippings. Surface wetness measured as volumetric water content (VWC) at the 0- to 38-mm depth zone was greater in non-topdressed plots than topdressed plots on 35% of observations. Few differences in VWC were found among sand size treatments. Turf responses to topdressing were not immediate; however, as sand accumulated in the turf canopy, topdressed plots typically had lower anthracnose severity than non-topdressed turf after the first year. Additionally, topdressing with medium and medium-fine sands produced similar or occasionally lower disease severity than topdressing with medium-coarse sand. The lack of negative effects of medium and medium-fine sands combined with better incorporation after topdressing and less disruption to the putting surface should allow golf course superintendents to apply topdressing at frequencies and/or quantities needed during the summer to maintain high-quality turf and playing conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand Size Affects Topdressing Removed by Mowing and Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf

Wang¹,

Hempfling²,

Clarke³

et al. 2020

horts

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“…Values followed by the same lowercase letter are not significantly different according to LSD (0. (Hempfling, Clarke, & Murphy, 2015, 2017Inguagiato et al, 2008Inguagiato et al, , 2009Inguagiato et al, , 2012Inguagiato et al, , 2013Towers, Green, Weibel, Majumdar, & Clarke, 2003).…”

Section: Field Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Grooming (1.3-mm depth, 1.5-mm blade width, 5-mm lateral blade spacing), verticutting (3.8-mm depth, 1.5-mm blade width, 10-mm lateral blade spacing), scarifying (7.6-mm depth, 1.5-mm blade width, 40-mm lateral blade spacing), and solid-tining (57-mm depth, 6-mm tine width, 38-by 38-mm spacing) were applied on 24 July and 14 August 2009 and 2 June, 23 June, and 19 July 2010. Weekly grooming was applied every (Hempfling, Clarke, & Murphy, 2015, 2017Inguagiato et al, 2008Inguagiato et al, , 2009Inguagiato et al, , 2012Inguagiato et al, , 2013Towers, Green, Weibel, Majumdar, & Clarke, 2003).…”

Section: Field Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Midseason cultivation effects on anthracnose of annual bluegrass turf

2020

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Mechanical injury from cultivation practices is reported to enhance anthracnose disease, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman, of annual bluegrass (ABG) [Poa annua L. forma reptans (Hausskn.) T. Koyama]. Two field experiments were initiated with the objectives of determining the effects of midseason cultivation practices (Experiment 1) and scarifying depth (Experiment 2) on anthracnose severity of ABG maintained at a 3.2-mm mowing height on a Nixon sandy loam in North Brunswick, NJ. Experiment 1 treatments consisted of grooming, verticutting, scarifying, and solid-tining every 21 d as well as weekly grooming and no cultivation over 2 years. Experiment 2 evaluated single treatments of shallow and deep scarifying and a nontreated control in three runs. Verticutting increased the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) compared with no cultivation during the first year, whereas verticutting and scarifying increased AUDPC relative to no cultivation during the second year. No other cultivation treatments differed from the control during either year in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, scarifying did not increase AUDPC during any run at either depth. Results from these experiments indicate that cultivation practices that affect at least 15% of the turf surface area and injure crowns may increase anthracnose severity, whereas practices that affect a smaller turf area or only leaf tissue will not increase disease severity. Abbreviations: ABG, annual bluegrass; AUDPC, area under the disease progress curve. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…Benn.) incidence by 50% (Green, 2015), and the severity of anthracnose ( Colletotrichum cereale Manns graminicola ) for longer periods (Hempfling et al, 2017). Compacting snow is a practice that may lower the air temperature at the snow–soil interface below freezing and prevent certain snow molds from developing (Blunt and Tisserat, 2007).…”

Section: Useful Conversionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural, Organic, and Biological Methods for Snow Mold Control on Putting Greens in the Intermountain West

Dyke¹,

Johnson

2017

Crop Forage & Turfgrass Mgmt

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Core Ideas Topdressing every 2 wk reduced snow mold severity by 11% compared with every 4 wk in 1 of 2 yr. This cultural practice should be evaluated further for managing winter diseases. Compacting snow with snowshoes reduced snow mold severity 3% the first year but had no effect the second year when damage occurred before snow could be compacted. Organic fertilizers, biological materials, and the compost did not provide adequate control of snow molds. A mineral oil was the only nonfungicidal commercial product to have efficacy on snow molds. Turf treated with traditional fungicides PCNB and propiconazole prior to snow cover had the best control of snow molds. Snow mold pathogens can damage golf course turf in winter, and few alternatives to fungicides currently exist for effective control. Cultural strategies including sand topdressing frequency and snow compaction using snowshoes, in combination with organic and biological commercially available products, were evaluated for snow mold control on a putting green for two seasons. Sand topdressing every 2 wk during the growing season reduced snow mold severity 11% in 2010, and compacting snow in winter reduced severity by 3%. Neither cultural practice reduced damage in 2011, when pressure from snow molds was higher. Most organic and biological materials did not suppress snow molds in either year relative to the fertilizer control, whereas turf treated with traditional fungicides provided the best control. A mineral oil was the only alternative material to have efficacy on snow molds, providing 54% control in 2010 and 34% control in 2011.

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Best Management Practices Effects on Anthracnose Disease of Annual Bluegrass

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Sand Size Affects Topdressing Removed by Mowing and Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf

Sand Size Affects Topdressing Removed by Mowing and Anthracnose on Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf

Midseason cultivation effects on anthracnose of annual bluegrass turf

Cultural, Organic, and Biological Methods for Snow Mold Control on Putting Greens in the Intermountain West

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