Bermudagrass tolerance of indaziflam PRE applications in forage production

Abstract

Bermudagrass is a major forage species throughout Georgia and the Southeast. An essential part of achieving high-yielding, top-quality forages is proper weed control. Indaziflam is a residual herbicide that controls many broadleaf and grass species by inhibiting cellulose biosynthesis. Research conducted in Tift and Colquitt counties in Georgia determined optimal PRE rates for indaziflam for bermudagrass forage production. Treatments applied at spring greenup of established ‘Alicia’ bermudagrass included indaziflam at 47, 77, 155, or 234 g ai ha−1 PRE, pendimethalin at 4,480 g ha−1 PRE, a split application of indaziflam at 47 g ha−1 PRE followed by the same rate applied POST after the first cutting, and a nontreated control (seven treatments in all). Forages were machine harvested three times each year for each location beginning at least 47 d after treatment (DAT), with final cuttings up to 168 DAT. For all treatments, fresh- and dry-weight yields at each harvest and totals for the season did not differ from the nontreated control. Indaziflam at 155 and 234 g ha−1 did cause minor stunting at 44 DAT, but this was transient and not observed at the second harvest. Indaziflam applied PRE has the potential to provide residual control of troublesome weeds in bermudagrass forage and hay production, with ephemeral stunting at the recommended application rates.

Increasing cassava root yield on farmers' fields in Nigeria through appropriate weed management

“… Ekeleme et al (2020) obtained similar results in another study in Oyo State in Nigeria and attributed the delay in sprouting to indaziflam, which suppressed buds exposed to the herbicide. Nicholas et al (2019) reported that indaziflam at 155 and 234 g ha −1 caused transient stunting of Bermuda grass at 44 days after planting. Indaziflam is a nonselective cellulose-inhibiting herbicide that affects cell elongation and the growing meristematic regions ( Brabham et al, 2014 ; Edwards et al, 2015 ; Neal, 2019 ).…”

Blueberry and blackberry are tolerant to repeated indaziflam applications

“…Blackberry primocanes and floricanes exhibited no visual injury to any herbicide treatment (data not shown). As previously noted, there are many reports of little to no visual injury for indaziflam applied to perennial crops (Basinger et al 2019;González-Delgado et al 2017;Grey et al 2018Grey et al , 2016Hurdle et al 2019).…”

“…This was always transient and no longer noted 8 wk after treatment. Many reports of little to no visual injury have been made for indaziflam applied to perennial crops (Basinger et al 2019;González-Delgado et al 2017;Grey et al 2018Grey et al , 2016Hurdle et al 2019).…”

“…Grey et al (2016Grey et al ( , 2018 reported that rates of indaziflam up to 150 g ai ha −1 did not cause injury when applied to olive and pecan trees, when up to five applications were made over 3 yr (respectively). It was also reported that indaziflam applied at 234 g ai ha −1 in a bermudagrass forage setting had minimal chlorosis and no effect on yield compared with nontreated controls (Hurdle et al 2019). However, some reports of chlorosis and other injury have been reported in pecan (González-Delgado et al 2017) and turf (Jeffries et al 2016).…”

“…As a PRE herbicide, it is used in numerous crop settings and has shown to be safe to perennial crops including grapes (Vitis vinifera L.; Basinger et al 2019), olive (Olea europaea L.; Grey et al 2016), pecan (Carya Illinoinensis Wangenh. ; Grey et al 2018), bermudagrass forage (Cynodon dactylon L.; Hurdle et al 2019), turf (McCullough et al 2013, and citrus (Jhala et al 2013). These studies indicate that indaziflam is safe to use in numerous crop settings, but minimal information exists for its use on blueberry and blackberry.…”