Bereitschaftspotential augmentation by neuro-feedback training in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Voluntary regulation of SCPs could enhance BP in PD patients and in aged controls.

Bereitschaftspotential preceding eyelid blinks in Parkinson’s disease

“…This suggests a significant dysfunction of the motor neural networks, even in patients with few symptoms. This finding is consistent with previous descriptions of reduced amplitude of BP preceding other movements in PD patients, even in the early stages 12,22,23,24,25,26 . It is also in accordance with the early clinical finding of paucity of facial expression and reduced blink rate in PD patients, suggesting that neural systems related to motor planning, especially those related to facial expression and blinks, are affected early in PD…”

“…Nondopaminergic pathways play a role in the clinical improvement of motor planning and BP amplitude in PD patients, as observed after unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy 28 and after neurofeedback techniques 25 . These studies corroborate the presence and importance of nondopaminergic or dopaminergic pathways resistant to modulation mechanisms of the motor planning in PD 6 .…”

Bereitschaftspotential Preceding Eyelid Blinks

“…The amplitudes of the BP receding eyelid blinks described by MOTA and LINS 2017 were lower than those reported in most studies, since these later are analyzed, in the majority of them, from appendicular musculature, which has larger cortical representation areas [7,8], but similar to the BP preceding other facial muscles movements [9,10]. It was not possible the differentiation between early and late component of BP preceding eyelid blinkis, despite a morphologic alteration of the waveform at the latency of -500 ms in MOTA and LINS, 2017 study.…”

Event-related Potentials and Their Applications

“…For example, patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) showed a decreased early Bereitschaftspotential (Fumuro et al, 2013). Green et al (1996) described in patients with mild PD significantly enlarged P3 amplitude despite these subjects did not show neuropsychological deficits.…”

“…The early part reflects the activity of supplementary motor area (SMA) as its maximum amplitude at the vertex (overlying SMA) without reference to the body parts that were involved in the movements. The late part is lateralised to the opposite hemisphere to the side of the movements and is believed to represent activity particularly of the primary motor cortices (Fumuro et al, 2013).…”