�ber den Zustand der Hochpolymeren in L�sung

Meyer, Kurt H.; Wyk, A. van der

doi:10.1007/bf01519965

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Based on fundamental research in Germany, USA, UK, Germany, and Japan, the fundamental understanding was further developed in metallurgical laboratories. Pioneers at that time were Haneke, Schmidtmann, Meyer, Kaspar, Streißelberger, DeArdo, Jonas, Sellars, Hodgson, Tamura und Tanaka, Saito, Ouchi, Militzer, and many others. The basic idea was to improve the strength and toughness behavior of structural steels by grain refining.…”

Section: A Brief Historical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Buchmayr

2017

steel research int.

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The basic concept of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) or thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) is responsible for the development of many advanced steel grades with improved mechanical properties during the last 50 years. A retroperspective view, an explanation of the most important influencing factors and a presentation of the enormous benefits for the costumer are given in this review. A sound knowledge on the synergism of recrystallization, precipitation, and transformation phenomena forms the basis to produce fine, homogeneous microstructures with improved properties. Starting from structural steels, improvements can be achieved with respect to higher strength and toughness values combined with better weldability and formability, mainly based on reduction of carbon content and finer grain sizes. The benefits in the application areas are described in detail. TMCP is not only used for flat products, but also for long products and forgings of different steel grades. Physical simulation and modeling contribute significantly to these developments, which also form the basis for computer-aided control or real-time online-models. In the next years, a complete shift to cyber physical systems (CPS) is predicted, which needs an aligned education effort. REVIEW A Brief Historical ReviewSince the mid-sixties, steel mills began to produce fine grained structural steels by lowering the final rolling temperature. Based on fundamental research in Germany, USA, UK, Germany, and Japan, the fundamental understanding was further developed in metallurgical laboratories. Pioneers at that time were Haneke, [10] Schmidtmann, [11,12] Meyer, [13,14] Kaspar, [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Streißelberger, [9,15,[25][26][27] DeArdo, [28,29] Jonas, [30][31][32][33] Sellars, [34][35][36][37] Hodgson, [38][39][40][41][42] Tamura und Tanaka, [43] Saito, [44] Ouchi, [45] Militzer, [46,47] and many others. The basic idea was to improve the strength and toughness behavior of structural steels by grain refining. Compared to conventional hot rolling at high rolling temperatures, the new steels were rolled at lower final rolling temperature. It was found that repeated recrystallization of the austenite structures leads to a decrease of grain size, but there is a limit, which is difficult to overcome. Deformation at temperatures, where no recrystallization takes place was successful in the conditioning of austenite having a dense population of glide planes, high dislocation density, and a high intrinsic energy, which provided a high density of nucleation sites for the transformation products of austenite.At the beginning, mainly ferrite plus pearlite microstructures were considered and later the role of rapid cooling became an additional opportunity to increase the strength level.Higher cooling rates or higher undercooling increase the driving force and with a lower diffusivity a finer microstructure like bainite and martensite can be reached.A comparison of the contributions of the strengthening mechanism in a commercial hot rolle...

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Section: A Brief Historical Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Buchmayr

2017

steel research int.

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“…) may reflect either the slight reversibility of ammonolysis (10,13,25) or simply the rather wide 95% confidence limits on the data in that region. The linearity of the graph of per cent reaction vs. time for soybean oil ammonolysis in the presence of a carboxylic acid ion exchange resin ( Fig.…”

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Catalytic effects in the ammonolysis of vegetable oils

Kohlhase

Pryde

Cowan

1971

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Catalysts for the ammonolysis of soybean oil are, in order of decreasing overall effectiveness, ammonium acetate, sodium metlioxide, 9-aminononanoic acid, sodium soyate, ammonium nitrate, alanine, sodium acetate and glycerol. At 125 C, a reaction time of 1 hr and a 30:1 mole ratio of ammonia to ester, ammonium acetate achieved ammonolysis in 16%, 61% and 84% conversions at the respective concentrations of 0.0, 0.1 and 1.0 mole per mole ester groups. Conversion was 98% complete in 4 hr with 1.0 mole. The ammonolysis generally exhibited the expected first order kinetics up to about 80% reaction.

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Über einige Beziehungen zwischen morphologischem Aufbau und Güte von Faserstoffen

Franz¹

1943

Angewandte Chemie

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�ber den Zustand der Hochpolymeren in L�sung

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Thermomechanical Treatment of Steels - A Real Disruptive Technology Since Decades

Catalytic effects in the ammonolysis of vegetable oils

Über einige Beziehungen zwischen morphologischem Aufbau und Güte von Faserstoffen

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