�ber den lymphatischen Apparat der Analregion und die sogenannte ?Analtonsille? bei S�ugetieren

Ortmann, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00523400

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Since the original descriptions of mucosal lymphoid tissue in the anus and rectum by Hebrant in 1899 and Zimmermann in 1904 (cited by Ortmann, 1960), interest has been rekindled by knowledge of the physiologic function of Peyer's patches in 0 1991 WILEY-LISS, INC. the small intestine, and because of the anatomic, if not pathophysiologic, association of colonic lymphoid follicles with infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes in the colon. Interest in colonic lymphoid tissue intensified after studies using dimethylhydrazine to induce tumors found that such neoplastic lesions often developed in relationship to mucosal lymphoid tissue (Szakal et al, 1980;Deasy et al, 1983;Martin et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrastructural and cytoarchitectural features of lymphoreticular organs in the colon and rectum of adult BALB/c mice

1991

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The structure and function of colonic mucosal lymphoid organs remain largely unexplored, especially in the rectum hidden within the pelvic vault. Two-month-old female BALB/c mice were anesthetized, and the entire colon was removed from cecum to anus. Distal colonic patches were then prepared for electron microscopy or were quick-frozen and sectioned for immunoperoxidase localization of B cells and T cell subsets. Aggregated lymphoid follicles were distributed irregularly along the entire colon with an average of 1.4 patches per centimeter of colon length. There were large collections of follicles opposite the ileocecal valve (cecal patches), variable numbers of patches throughout the colon, and at least one patch within 10 mm of the anus (rectal patch). Follicles were adjacent to branching crypts lined by epithelium infiltrated by lymphoid cells and containing few goblet cells. In electron micrographs, M cells were identified by their short, irregular microvilli; intraepithelial lymphoid cells; reduced lysosomal dense bodies; and an expanded tubulovesicular network. Small germinal centers were seen. Cytoarchitectural components of colonic lymphoid follicles and Peyer's patch follicles were remarkably similar, despite differences in surrounding mucosa and luminal microbial exposure. The presence of organized lymphoid tissue with M cells and germinal centers suggests that transepithelial particle transport and antigen recognition can take place in the rectum. Whether such tissue has the capacity for uptake of luminal microorganisms is of particular interest, not only because colonic follicles may be sites for local initiation of immune responses but also because they may be important entry points for systemic infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrastructural and cytoarchitectural features of lymphoreticular organs in the colon and rectum of adult BALB/c mice

1991

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“…In most mammalian species including mice, rabbits and humans, mucosal lymphoid nodules in the rectum are dispersed rather than clustered as in Peyer's patches, cecal patches and appendices [2]. Within 10 cm of the anus in mice we were, however, able to identify at least one rectal lymphoid patch consisting primarily of B cells but also containing appreciable numbers of T lymphocytes, predominantly of the CD4+ rather than CD8+ phenotype [21].…”

Section: Cells As Portals Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Anorectal lymphoid tissues have been identified in a wide range of mammalian species and in the bursa of Fabricius of birds, which functions as an organ for sampling lumenal antigens from the cloaca [2,3]. In humans, Dukes and Bussey [4] found 3-3.5 lymphoid follicles/cm 2 in the colon with an increase in number proceeding from the cecum down to the rectum.…”

Section: Colonic and Rectal Lymphoid Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

M Cells as Portals of Entry for HIV

Owen

1998

Pathobiology

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Accumulating evidence points toward active uptake by mucosal antigen sampling cells as the mechanism for rectal HIV acquisition. Organized lymphoid tissue in the intestine consists of lymphoid follicles with an epithelium containing M cells specialized for uptake and transport of microorganisms, bringing them into contact with lymphoid cells. M cells have been found in the human colon and rectum, and adherence and uptake of HIV by M cells in mouse and rabbit Peyer’s patches has been demonstrated in vitro. In an in vivo mouse model of viral acquisition, reovirus is actively taken up by M cells into rectal lymphoid tissue containing CD4 lymphocytes and macrophages, which are targets and replication sites for HIV. Immunization strategies for prevention of HIV transmission should include a mucosal component to prevent initial entry, since elimination from cellular sanctuaries remains an elusive goal.

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“…Anal tonsils have been reported in several kinds of animals (Clark et al, 2005;Ortmann, 1960). However, there have been no reports concerning the subpopulations of anal tonsillar T and B lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic‐like cells of the anal tonsil in the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus

Sakai

Isomura

Shinzato

et al. 2010

Microscopy Res & Technique

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We investigated the distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and S-100 protein-immunoreactive dendritic-like in the anal tonsil of the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus. In adult animals, T lymphocytes were located mainly at the periphery of the anal tonsil, especially around small blood vessels. B lymphocytes were located in the central and subepithelial region of the anal tonsil, which includes primary lymphoid follicles, and in which there are small numbers of scattered T lymphocytes. B and T lymphocytes were distributed over 72.7 and 27.3% of the tonsillar area, respectively. However, their areas of distribution were not clearly distinguished. The areas containing B lymphocytes were enriched in S-100 protein antibody-immunoreactive cells, which exhibited a dendritic shape. These S-100-positive cells appeared to be identical to the follicular dendritic cells (FDC) seen in the follicles of lymphoid organs. These results suggest that the anal tonsils constitute one of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and that a function of the anal tonsil includes the capture of intruding antigens that would generate protective antibody responses.

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�ber den lymphatischen Apparat der Analregion und die sogenannte ?Analtonsille? bei S�ugetieren

Cited by 12 publications

References 7 publications

Ultrastructural and cytoarchitectural features of lymphoreticular organs in the colon and rectum of adult BALB/c mice

Ultrastructural and cytoarchitectural features of lymphoreticular organs in the colon and rectum of adult BALB/c mice

M Cells as Portals of Entry for HIV

The distribution of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and dendritic‐like cells of the anal tonsil in the laboratory shrew, Suncus murinus

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