�ber das F�cheln der Bienen und dessen Verh�ltnis zum Fliegen

Neuhaus, Walter; Wohlgemuth, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00298106

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At this time in evolution, however, fanning bees are not merely flying in place, because they create different patterns of air movements with their wings than SOCIAL THERMOREGULATION do freely flying bees (Neuhaus and Wohlgemuth, 1960). Possibly the simplest scenario is to suppose that it is derived from an escape behavior from noxious stimuli.…”

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, foragers, particularly those carrying pollen, often fan before entering the hive (Neuhaus and Wohlgemuth, 1960). For example, foragers, particularly those carrying pollen, often fan before entering the hive (Neuhaus and Wohlgemuth, 1960).…”

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, foragers, particularly those carrying pollen, often fan before entering the hive (Neuhaus and Wohlgemuth, 1960). At least in the Arizona desert, most of the pollen carriers returning to the hive have higher Tthx (average = 43 0 C) than nectar foragers, and Neuhaus and Wohlgemuth (1960) and report that these pollen carriers U almost always stop and fan upon alighting before entering the hive." But body temperature itself may be relevant.…”

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hot-Blooded Insects

Heinrich¹

1993

320

144

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Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Hot-Blooded Insects

Heinrich¹

1993

320

144

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“…Differences of around 20" have been commonly recorded, particularly where specimens change from forward to rising flight. The degree of independent control of body angle and stroke plane angle shown by Heteroptera filmed in this investigation is greater than that recorded in honey-bees by Neuhaus & Wohlgemuth (1960). The significance of this will be discussed.…”

Section: Body Attitudementioning

confidence: 46%

The kinematics of Heteroptera in free flight

Betts

1986

Journal of Zoology

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With 4 figures in the text) The kinematics of six species of Heteroptera in free flight are analysed and compared.(1) Using nested analysis of variance techniques, statistically significant variation was detected between species for several of the flight parameters measured: mean angular velocity; pronationlsupination ratio; upstroke/downstroke ratio; and wing beat frequency. In each case this is discussed in terms of variation in flight behaviour.(2) Beneficial aerodynamic forces are generated during the upstroke and the downstroke, in both fast forward and rising flight.(3) When the insects change from level, forward flight to near vertical, rising flight, the following parameters are altered in most of the sequences analysed:(a) the stroke plane angle becomes steeply, negatively inclined, associated with an increase in body angle;(b) the stroke amplitude is reduced; (c) wing beat frequency is lowered, associated with a drop in mean angular velocity; (d) the speed of stroke reversal (rotational velocity) is increased. This may be associated with increased wing torsion and tip flexion which in turn could improve any beneficial unsteady aerodynamic effects generated at stroke reversal.The reasons for this change in flight performance and the deviations from that seen in other insects are discussed.It is shown that Heteroptera may make use of wing drag in flight, particuIarly during rising flight.

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“…Wing kinematics Neuhaus and Wohlgemuth (1960) filmed two fanning honey bees and measured their flapping frequencies (121 and 150 Hz), which were substantially lower than that of flying honey bees. They also measured amplitude (90 and 120 deg) for these bees, but they expressed lower confidence in these measurements because it was difficult to obtain video from appropriate angles and they were limited to 2D projections of the wing motion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wings as impellers: Honey bees co-opt flight system to induce nest ventilation and disperse pheromones

Peters

Gravish

Combes

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Honey bees () are remarkable fliers that regularly carry heavy loads of nectar and pollen, supported by a flight system - the wings, thorax and flight muscles - that one might assume is optimized for aerial locomotion. However, honey bees also use this system to perform other crucial tasks that are unrelated to flight. When ventilating the nest, bees grip the surface of the comb or nest entrance and fan their wings to drive airflow through the nest, and a similar wing-fanning behavior is used to disperse volatile pheromones from the Nasonov gland. In order to understand how the physical demands of these impeller-like behaviors differ from those of flight, we quantified the flapping kinematics and compared the frequency, amplitude and stroke plane angle during these non-flight behaviors with values reported for hovering honey bees. We also used a particle-based flow visualization technique to determine the direction and speed of airflow generated by a bee performing Nasonov scenting behavior. We found that ventilatory fanning behavior is kinematically distinct from both flight and scenting behavior. Both impeller-like behaviors drive flow parallel to the surface to which the bees are clinging, at typical speeds of just under 1 m s We observed that the wings of fanning and scenting bees frequently contact the ground during the ventral stroke reversal, which may lead to wing wear. Finally, we observed that bees performing Nasonov scenting behavior sometimes display 'clap-and-fling' motions, in which the wings contact each other during the dorsal stroke reversal and fling apart at the start of the downstroke. We conclude that the wings and flight motor of honey bees comprise a multifunctional system, which may be subject to competing selective pressures because of its frequent use as both a propeller and an impeller.

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�ber das F�cheln der Bienen und dessen Verh�ltnis zum Fliegen

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

The Hot-Blooded Insects

The Hot-Blooded Insects

The kinematics of Heteroptera in free flight

Wings as impellers: Honey bees co-opt flight system to induce nest ventilation and disperse pheromones

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