Benzydamine Abuse as a Hallucinogen: A Case Report

Balaban, Özlem Devrim; Atagün, Murat İlhan; Yılmaz, Hanife Nuray; Yazar, Menekşe Sıla; Alpkan, Latif

doi:10.5455/bcp.20111212083751

Cited by 10 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effect might occur due to its ability in modulating the transformation of blood vessels and in suppressing the work of phagocytic cells. Therefore, the occurrence of vasodilation and the increase of vascular permeability would be prevented while the release of granules and lytic enzymes would be reduced [9,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectivity of benzydamine hydrochloride gargle to reduce propofol consumption in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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Background: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a complex endoscopic procedure that requires moderate to deep sedation. Propofol is the sedative agent of choice for sedation in ERCP due to its fast distribution and fast elimination time without a cumulative effect after infusion, resulting in shorter recovery time. Benzydamine hydrochloride is a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has analgesic, local anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory effects that have been known to be effective in reducing postoperative sore throat. Combination of propofol and topical analgesic may provide adequate sedation and reduce propofol consumption. This study aimed to determine the effectivity of benzydamine hydrochloride gargling in reducing propofol consumption in the ERCP procedure. Methods: This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial for patients undergoing ERCP procedures at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from August to September 2018. A total of 72 subjects were recruited consecutively and randomly assigned into two groups. The first group received 15 mL of 0.15% benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash prior to the procedure, whereas the second group received 15 mL of water mouthwash. Additional propofol was administered when patient moved or Ramsay Sedation Scale rose above 4. Cumulative propofol consumption per kg body weight per minute and incidence of postoperative sore throat were recorded in each group. Incidence of desaturation, postoperative nausea vomitting, and dysphagia were also recorded. Data analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectivity of benzydamine hydrochloride gargle to reduce propofol consumption in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedure: a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2020

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“…Benzydamine abuse is well documented in Brazil (Opaleye et al , ) and other countries, including Italy (Malavasi et al ; Settimi et al ), Poland (Anand et al ) and Turkey (Balaban et al ). The finding that BZY is reinforcing in the rat sheds a light on two aspects of BZY abuse in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms such as hallucinations, dizziness and anxiety have been reported as a consequence of unintended systemic ingestion (Gómez‐López et al ; Ballesteros et al ; Settimi et al ; Acar et al ). Most important, there is evidence of recreational use of BZY in various countries, including Brazil, Italy, Poland and Turkey (Anand et al ; Opaleye et al , ; Settimi et al ; Balaban et al ; Barwina et al ). In Brazil, for example, BZY has been abused by street youth since at least the early 1990s, probably due to its low price and ready availability (Opaleye et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous self‐administration of benzydamine, a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug with a central cannabinoidergic mechanism of action

et al. 2017

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Benzydamine (BZY) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the topical treatment of inflammations of the oral and vaginal mucosa. Virtually nothing is known about the central pharmacological actions of BZY. Yet, there are reports of voluntary systemic overdosage of BZY in drug addicts, resulting in a euphoric, hallucinatory state. In the present study, we investigated the reinforcing properties of BZY in a rat selfadministration paradigm. We found that BZY has a powerful reinforcing effect and that this effect is greatly facilitated in animals that already had substance experience, having previously self-administered heroin and cocaine, indicating cross sensitization between BZY and other common drugs of abuse. We then assessed the effect of BZY on Prelimbic Cortexto-Nucleus Accumbens (PLCx-NAcc) glutamatergic transmission, using field recordings in rat parasagittal brain slices. BZY dose-dependently reduced both field excitatory post synaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude and Paired Pulse Ratio (PPR), suggesting a presynaptic mechanism of action. Similarly to the in vivo paradigm, also the electrophysiological effects of BZY were potentiated in slices from animals that had undergone cocaine and heroin selfadministration. Furthermore, BZY-induced LTD-like responses in the PLCx-NAcc circuitry were significantly reduced in the presence of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251. These findings provide firm evidence of the abuse liability of BZY and suggest a possible cannabinoidergic mechanism of action. Further research is needed in order to give insights into the molecular mechanism underlying BZY psychoactive and reinforcing effects, to better understand its abuse potential.3

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“…52 Beş yüz mg ve üstü dozlarda halüsinojenik etkileri nedeni ile benzidaminin kötüye kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. 54 Acar ve ark.nın yayımladığı olgu bildiriminde, yüksek dozda benzidaminin alkol ile birlikte kö-tüye kullanıldığı bildirilmiştir. Bildirime göre, alkol ile birlikte oral olarak 20 kapsül benzidamin (toplam 1.000 mg) alan ve ertesi gün halüsinasyonlar gören 20 yaşındaki bir erkek hasta acil servise baş-vurmuştur.…”

Section: Benzi̇dami̇nunclassified

“…Hasta ilacı toplamda dört kez kö-tüye kullanmıştır ve 10 mg dozunda aldığında gevşeme dışında başka bir etki görmediğini bildirmiştir. 54 Benzidamin preparatları pek çok ülkede reçe-tesiz satılmaktadır ve kötüye kullanma bildirimlerin sayısı giderek artmaktadır. Türkiye'de Sağlık Bakanlığı, suistimallerin artması nedeni ile 2012 yı-lında benzidamin preparatlarının reçetesiz satışını yasaklamıştır.…”

Section: Benzi̇dami̇nunclassified