Benzotriazole containing conjugated polymers for multipurpose organic electronic applications

Abstract

Benzotriazole (BTz) containing polymers have recently emerged in organic electronic applications and they are increasingly attracting a great deal of attention. These polymers are reviewed from a general perspective in terms of their potential use in three main fields, electrochromics (ECs), organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In order to have a better insight into the properties of these polymers, they were compared with similar polymers. Good solubility, optical and electronic properties and synthetic availability make them multipurpose materials. They combine many desired properties in polymers and their use in different device applications is examined in detail.

Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers for an Improved Charge Transport

“…Firstly, extending the conjugation system and strengthening intra-chain and inter-chain interaction is a direct way to improve electronic properties. Based on the classic conjugated polymers such as P3ATs (P1), a straight strategy is inserting more conjugated moieties [3,82] such as carbon double bond (-HC=CH-, P2) [83][84][85], unsubstituted multiple or fused aromatic rings (i.e., thiophenes and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, etc., P3-P7) [13,14,16,37,82,[86][87][88][89][90][91], other heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen(and sulfur) (P8 and P9) or selenium atoms (P10) [13,15,81,[92][93][94][95][96][97] and their combination (P11) [98]. Thus, the intra-chain conjugation is extended and strengthened by coupling with the more conjugated moieties, and the conjugation length is elongated due to the improved planarity.…”

“…Compared with inorganic semiconductors and organic π-conjugated small molecules, the family of conjugated polymers has great advantages in its low weight, easy solution-processing and suitability to industrial manufacturing of large-area devices such as roll-to-roll routes [8][9][10]. Thus, many groups of conjugated polymers have been synthesized [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16] and a extremely high carrier mobility of 12.04 cm in FETs without doping [17] and power conversion efficiency of 8.67% in single junction OPVs [18] have been realized among them, which shows a brilliant prospects of them as the next-generation electronic materials. Therefore, understanding the correlations between the intrinsic properties of conjugated polymers, the features of thin film and the performance of corresponding electronic devices become crucial to guide the synthesis of more excellent materials and achievement of better electronic properties.…”

Red-to-black electrochromism of 4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b’]dithiophene-embedded conjugated polymers

“…In recent years, conjugated polymers have also been extensively investigated as high-performance electrochromic materials [12][13][14][15][16]. Electrochromic (EC) materials are able to display a colour change when voltage is applied.…”

Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells — Opportunities and Challenges

“…By carrying out structural modification of the backbone, a series of new electron-deficient moieties with different electronic properties can be prepared. One strategy is to replace the sulfur atom in the thiadiazole hetero-cycle with other elements such as carbon [46], oxygen [47,48], nitrogen [49], selenium [50,51], etc. The new building blocks have various electron withdrawing properties and hence are useful in tuning the properties of the polymer materials.…”