Benzothiazoles: How Relevant in Cancer Drug Design Strategy?

Abstract

Heterocyclic compounds, analogs and derivatives have attracted attention due to their diverse biological and pharmacological properties. Benzoheterocycles such as benzothiazoles, benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles are constituents of many bioactive heterocyclic compounds, having wider range of applications. They have been extensively studied for their biological activities, and can serve as unique and versatile scaffolds for drug design. The benzothiazole, in the family of heterocyclic compounds has assumed special significance in synthetic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry as well as in clinical applications because of its anti-tumor properties. This review is organized in the following ways. It begins with brief introduction on the chemical diversity of synthetic analogs of benzothiazole. After this, drug design strategy and mechanisms of action through its diverse biological targets in which benzothiazole and its derivatives display their anticancer activity are discussed. It ends with the metabolism pattern of benzothiazole and its analogs. Analysis of the structure-activity relationships (SAR), quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) as well as on docking studies of this family of compounds highlights the potential that may lead to the development of novel anticancer agents. Such relationships will definitely create lot of interest among the researchers to synthesize optimized variety of benzothiazole derivatives and to screen them for their anticancer activity.

A comprehensive review in current developments of benzothiazole-based molecules in medicinal chemistry

“…In pyrazolinones-BTA conjugates, compound (28a) having p-bromo group on the phenyl ring was found most potent antibacterial agent (MIC 13.95 mM) against S. aureus compared with that of the standard drug, Ciprofloxacin (MIC 18.86 mM). Compounds 28(b,c) having p-fluoro(MIC 32.29 mM) and p-chloro (MIC 31.01 mM) substitution on phenyl ring also showed considerable antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The presence of an electron-releasing methyl group in the same position resulted in decrease of activity.…”

A novel water-soluble benzothiazole derivative BD926 triggers ROS-mediated B lymphoma cell apoptosis via mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum signaling pathways

“…Benzothiazole is a heterocyclic scaffold with a benzene ring fused with a five-membered thiazole ring, and it is recognized as an important basis of the nucleus for drug synthesis (2,3). Benzothiazole derivatives have a wide range of biological activities (4), such as anticancer (5,6), antimicrobial (7) and immunosuppressive activity (8), benzothiazole analogues are also biologically active compounds in the central nervous system (9). In addition, benzothiazole derivatives as commercial drugs are extensively used in the clinical treatment of numerous diseases (10,11).…”

Synthesis of Pyrazolin‐5‐one Derivatives Clubbed with Thiazole and/or Thiadiazole and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities

“…Moreover, other benzothiazoles stimulate the Aroylhydrocarbon Receptor “AhR” and create a reactive intermediate responsible for inhibition of some tumors “e. g., mammary and ovarian tumor cell lines” . Otherwise, amino‐ benzothiazoles disclosed unexpectedly significant anticancer activity towards “breast, colon and ovarian in in vitro anticancer” screening.…”