Benzophenone and xanthone derivatives from the inflorescences of Garcinia cowa

Abstract

The purification of the acetone extract from the inflorescences of Garcinia cowa led to the isolation of a new benzophenone derivative, cowanone (1), together with seven known xanthones, α-mangostin (2), β-mangostin (3), cowanin (4), fuscaxanthone A (5), 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (6), garcinianone A (7) and cowanol (8). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR data. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).

Tetraoxygenated Xanthones From the Latex of Garcinia Cowa

“…ex Choisy (Clusiaceae) collected from Phu Quoc island was separated by means of chromatography. Accordingly, seven tetraoxygenated xanthones were isolated and elucidated as fuscaxanthone A (1), 7-Omethylgarcinone E (2), cowagarcinone A (3), cowaxanthone (4), rubraxanthone (5), cowanin (6) and cowanol (7). These compounds are first isolated and identified from Garcinia cowa Roxb.…”

“…Phytochemical studies and pharmacological activities of G. cowa from Thailand were reported recently [2 -6]. According to previous reports, main chemical constituents of G. cowa are xanthones which were demonstrated interesting bioactivities such as antimalarial [2], antimicrobial [3,5,7], anti-inflammatory [4,8], antioxidant [3,4,9], antibacterial [5,10,11], antitumor-promoting activity [12] and cytotoxic activities [13 -15].…”

Kaennacowanols A–C, three new xanthones and their cytotoxicity from the roots of Garcinia cowa

“…Garcinia cowa, commonly known as Cha-muang in Thai, is widely distributed throughout Thailand, Malaysia and Myanmar. This plant has been an abundant source of secondary metabolites, especially xanthones [2][3][4][5][6], phloroglucinols [6][7][8][9][10], flavonoids [3,11,12] and terpenoids [12,13]. Xanthones are well recognized as chemotaxonomic markers for plants of the Garcinia species [2][3][4][5][6][14][15][16][17][18] and many of which have interesting pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial [2,6], antiinflammatory [11], antimalarial [19], antioxidant [2,4,11] and cytotoxic activities [5,20].…”

“…Therefore, the roots of this plant were attracted for further investigation. We now report the isolation of twenty-two xanthones, which are comprised of three new xanthones named kaennacowanols A-C (1-3) and nineteen known xanthones (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) (Fig. 1).…”

Biphenyl Derivatives from Garcinia Schomburgkiana and the Cytotoxicity of the Isolated Compounds

“…The genus Garcinia (Guttiferae), which grows in South East Asia, is a rich source of phenolic compounds such as xanthones, depsidones and polyprenylated benzophenones [1,2]. These phenolic contents have recently been shown to exhibit a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer effects [1,3]. Xanthones from the pericarp of the tropical fruit mangosteen (G. mangostana Linn.)…”