Benzophenone-3 entrapped in solid lipid microspheres: Formulation and in vitro skin evaluation

Enhancement of in vivo human skin penetration of resveratrol by chitosan-coated lipid microparticles

“…This is in line with reports in the literature indicating that incorporation of different active substances in LMs had no significant effect or decreased their penetration in animal or human skin, both in vitro and in vivo[41][42][43][44]. On the other hand, topical application of the cream containing resveratrol encapsulated in the chitosan-coated LMs significantly enhanced the amount of polyphenol permeated in vivo into the stratum corneum, as compared to the control cream and the other tested formulations (Table1).…”

Solid lipid microparticles as an approach to drug delivery

“…Solvent removal enhances the stability of the LM preparation and facilitates characterisation studies and formulation of the particles into a dosage form. Melt emulsification represents the most commonly used method for the preparation of LMs [26,28,36,42,46,47], the main advantage being the lack of the use organic solvent, although reproducibility can be lower compared to other techniques.…”

“…In vitro studies with porcine ear skin confirmed the follicular penetration and dissolution of the particles in sebum. Work from this group and from other researchers has shown that the incorporation of several commonly used sunscreen agents in LMs decreases their penetration into animal and human skin, both in vitro and in vivo [26,46,47,103]. This effect not only ensures the efficacy of the ultraviolet filters by retaining them on the skin surface where they act but also limits potential toxic reactions.…”

Avobenzone encapsulated in modified dextrin for improved UV protection and reduced skin penetration

“…For economic, practical and ethical reasons, in vitro methods have been introduced (Garoli et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2008;Mestres et al, 2010;Montenegro et al, 2011) based on the assumption that the UV protection of sunscreens depends on their absorption characteristics and concentrations. Table 2 shows the mean values of SPF and UVAPF for the emulsions with the free avobenzone and encapsulated in modified dextrin.…”