Benzodiazepine and Serotonergic Modulation of Antipredator and Conspecific Defense

Blanchard, D. Caroline; Griebel, Guy; Rodgers, R.J.; Blanchard, Robert J.

doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(97)00054-7

Cited by 74 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is similar to rat defensive behaviors reported in response to other predator odors (Dielenberg et al, 2001a;Dielenberg and McGregor, 2001;Hotsenpiller and Williams, 1997;Morrow et al, 2000;Wallace and Rosen, 2000). A critical test awaiting evaluation is the capacity of traditional anxiolytics, such as benzodiazepines, to reverse ferret odor-induced responses, as demonstrated with cat odors, at least on behavioral defensive responses (Blanchard et al, 1998a;McGregor and Dielenberg, 1999;McGregor et al, 2004;Staples et al, 2005).…”

Section: Acute Behavioral Endocrine and Autonomic Responses To Ferrsupporting

confidence: 73%

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Campeau

Nyhuis

Sasse

et al. 2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This manuscript describes several behavioral and functional studies evaluating the capacity of ferret odors to elicit a number of acute and long-term responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute presentation elicits multiple responses, suggesting that ferret odor, likely from skin gland secretions, provides an anxiogenic-like stimulus in this strain of rats. Compared to cat odor, however, ferret odor did not produce rapid fear conditioning, a result perhaps attributable to methodological factors. Inactivation of the olfactory system and medial nucleus of the amygdala, combined with induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos, suggest the necessity of the accessory olfactory system in mediating the effects of ferret odor. Repeated exposures to ferret odor produce variable habituation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses, perhaps indicative of the lack of control over the exact individual origin or concentration of ferret odor. Ferret odor induces rapid and long-term body weight regulation, thymic involution, adrenal hyperplasia and facilitation of the neuroendocrine response to additional challenges. It is argued that the use of such odors is exquisitely suited to investigate the brain regions coordinating anxiety-like responses and the long-term changes elicited by such stimuli.

show abstract

Section: Acute Behavioral Endocrine and Autonomic Responses To Ferrsupporting

confidence: 73%

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Campeau

Nyhuis

Sasse

et al. 2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Robert & Caroline Blanchard: Related to panic, we have been examining results from a wide array of panic models and one possible interpretation of these is that antipanic and panicolytic drugs work very selectively on flight, but that when flight is elicited lower and lower in the system (i.e., experimentally vs stimulation of dorsomedial hypothalamus vs periaqueductal gray matter) some variability creeps into the system, suggesting that these drugs may act along the route, having less effect near the end (23).…”

Section: What Kinds Of Research Are Needed To Resolve These Controvermentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain decade in debate: III. Neurobiology of emotion

Blanchard

Fellous³

et al. 2001

Braz J Med Biol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article is a transcription of an electronic symposium in which active researchers were invited by the Brazilian Society of Neuroscience and Behavior (SBNeC) to discuss the advances of the last decade in the neurobiology of emotion. Four basic questions were debated: 1) What are the most critical issues/questions in the neurobiology of emotion? 2) What do we know for certain about brain processes involved in emotion and what is controversial? 3) What kinds of research are needed to resolve these controversial issues? 4) What is the relationship between learning, memory and emotion? The focus was on the existence of different neural systems for different emotions and the nature of the neural coding for the emotional states. Is emotion the result of the interaction of different brain regions such as the amygdala, the nucleus accumbens, or the periaqueductal gray matter or is it an emergent property of the whole brain neural network? The relationship between unlearned and learned emotions was also discussed. Are the circuits of the former the underpinnings of the latter? It was pointed out that much of what we know about emotions refers to aversively motivated behaviors, like fear and anxiety. Appetitive emotions should attract much interest in the future. The learning and memory relationship with emotions was also discussed in terms of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, innate and learned fear, contextual cues inducing emotional states, implicit memory and the property of using this term for animal memories. In a general way it could be said that learning modifies the neural circuits through which emotional responses are expressed.

show abstract

“…In laboratory conditions, research of anti-predator behavior of rodents is mainly focused on examining behavioral (Blanchard et al, 1989(Blanchard et al, , 1998bWallace and Rosen, 2000;McGregor et al, 2002) or physiological (Blanchard et al, 1998c) responses to a single exposure to a predator or its odor and how these are affected by drug administration (Blanchard et al, 1993(Blanchard et al, , 1998a. However, only rarely are there paradigms where the animal is confronted with an unrestrained predator (owls; Edut and Eilam, 2004) or another threatening stimulus (moving overhead sphere, Ellard, 1993;metal porcupine, Blanchard and Blanchard, 1969) which would allow us to study the responses of the prey animal in terms of spatial behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%