Benzene Risk Assessment: Status of Quantifying the Leukemogenic Risk Associated with the Low‐Dose Inhalation of Benzene<sup>1</sup><sup>2</sup>

Voytek, Peter; Thorslund, Todd W.

doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.1991.tb00613.x

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The risk for 1 μg/m 3 benzene exposure was estimated as 1.5 × 10 −7 -2.7 × 10 −7 by RECs obtained from a single treatment of CAT and HQ whereas it was estimated as 1.9 × 10 −7 -5.4 × 10 −7 by using REC obtained from a combined treatment of CAT and HQ. Our estimate is about a tenth to a fiftieth lower than the estimation from the U.S. EPA (7) (2.2 × 10 −6 -7.8 × 10 −6 ) and a third to a tenth lower than Voytek's (35) (3.7 × 10 −7 -2.4 × 10 −6 ). For 3.2 mg/m 3 benzene exposure, the risk was estimated as 2.7 × 10 −4 -6.6 × 10 −4 and 5.5×10 −4 -1.3×10 −3 , respectively, which were about a tenth to a hundredth lower than the estimation from the EPA (7) (7.1 × 10 −3 -2.5 × 10 −2 ), a tenth lower than that from Crump (34) (2.0 × 10 −5 -3.1 × 10 −3 ) and Voytek (35) (1.2 × 10 −3 -7.8 × 10 −3 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Benzene Risk Estimation Using Radiation Equivalent Coefficients

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We estimated benzene risk using a novel framework of risk assessment that employed the measurement of radiation dose equivalents to benzene metabolites and a PBPK model. The highest risks for 1 microg/m(3) and 3.2 mg/m(3) life time exposure of benzene estimated with a linear regression were 5.4 x 10(-7) and 1.3 x 10(-3), respectively. Even though these estimates were based on in vitro chromosome aberration test data, they were about one-sixth to one-fourteenth that from other studies and represent a fairly good estimate by using radiation equivalent coefficient as an "internal standard."

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…The estimated leukemia risk of 1 μg/m 3 and 3.2 mg/m 3 (=1 ppm) benzene is shown in Table V together with estimations from the U.S. EPA, ( 7 ) Crump, ( 34 ) and Voytek. ( 35 )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene Risk Estimation Using Radiation Equivalent Coefficients

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples include risk assessments for leukemia from exposure to benzene [3,4] and for mesothelioma from exposure to asbestos [5].…”

Section: Selection Of a Statistical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Making Epidemiologic Data More Useful for Quantitative Risk Assessment

Crump¹

2011

TOEPIJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper discusses issues faced in using epidemiologic data to develop quantitative estimates of risk from specified patterns of exposure to a toxicant. We focus on use of data from cohort studies with binary endpoints (occurrence or non-occurrence of disease). Relative advantages of Cox regression and Poisson regression are presented. A general form of exposure metric is presented, and criteria for selecting an appropriate metric are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of various dose-response models are discussed. It is argued that, unless low-dose linearity of the dose response can be ruled out on non-statistical grounds, then bounds for low-dose risk should incorporate low-dose linearity; a sequential procedure for computing such bounds is illustrated. Limitations in exposure data and their impact on risk assessments are discussed. Issues arising when using meta-analytic techniques to combine data from multiple epidemiologic studies are discussed. Limitations in risk assessments resulting from reliance upon published results alone are described. Methods for converting from measures of risk used in epidemiologic studies (e.g., relative risk) to measures appropriate for a risk assessment (e.g., additional lifetime probability of disease occurrence resulting from a specific exposure pattern) are described in detail. Several examples from the asbestos epidemiologic literature are presented to illustrate these issues.

show abstract

“…Heretofore, most estimates of latency for benzene have been based on radiation-induced leukemias (145,146). The length ofthe latency has varied from assessment to assessment, but the best information on latency for benzene is probably found in the Pliofilm cohort (147,205). …”

Section: Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the dose-response model used by a regulatory agency has significant policy and regulatory implications, a conference was convened in Georgetown in 1989 to evaluate the reanalysis (147,205). At that workshop, participants considered the linear quadratic model for estimating the leukemogenic risks of benzene to be more appropriate than the one-hit model.…”

Section: Epa Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Paustenbach¹,

Bass²,

Price³

1993

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Acute and chronic exposure to benzene vapors poses a number of health hazards to humans. To evaluate the probability that a specific degree of exposure will produce an adverse effect, risk assessment methods must be used. This paper reviews much of the published information and evaluates the various risk assessments for benzene that have been conducted over the past 20 years. There is sufficient evidence that chronic exposure to relatively high concentrations of benzene can produce an increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Some studies have indicated that benzene may cause other leukemias, but due to the inconsistency of results, the evidence is not conclusive. To predict the leukemogenic risk for humans exposed to much lower doses of benzene than those observed in most epidemiology studies, a model must be used. Although several models could yield plausible results, to date most risk assessments have used the linear-quadratic or conditional logistic models. These appear to be the most appropriate ones for providing the cancer risk for airborne concentrations of 1 ppb to 10 ppm, the range most often observed in the community and workplace. Of the seven major epidemiology studies that have been conducted, there is a consensus that the Pliofilm cohort (rubber workers) is the best one for estimating the cancer potency because it is the only one with good exposure and incidence of disease data. The current EPA, OSHA, and ACGIH cancer potency estimates for benzene are based largely on this cohort. A retrospective exposure assessment and an analysis of the incidence of disease in these workers were completed in 1991. All of these issues are discussed and the implications evaluated in this paper. The range of benzene exposures to which Americans are commonly exposed and the current regulatory criteria are also presented.

show abstract

Benzene Risk Assessment: Status of Quantifying the Leukemogenic Risk Associated with the Low‐Dose Inhalation of Benzene¹²

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Benzene Risk Estimation Using Radiation Equivalent Coefficients

Benzene Risk Estimation Using Radiation Equivalent Coefficients

Toward Making Epidemiologic Data More Useful for Quantitative Risk Assessment

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Benzene Risk Assessment: Status of Quantifying the Leukemogenic Risk Associated with the Low‐Dose Inhalation of Benzene12

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Benzene Risk Estimation Using Radiation Equivalent Coefficients

Benzene Risk Estimation Using Radiation Equivalent Coefficients

Toward Making Epidemiologic Data More Useful for Quantitative Risk Assessment

Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Benzene Risk Assessment: Status of Quantifying the Leukemogenic Risk Associated with the Low‐Dose Inhalation of Benzene¹²