Bentonite diminishes DON-induced changes in bone development in mink dams

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of deoxynivalenol (DON), given alone or with bentonite (which eliminates mycotoxicity) in the diet of mink dams throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation period to pelt harvesting, on the mechanical properties and geometry of their long bones. Material and Methods: The minks were randomly assigned into two groups: a control group (not supplemented with DON, n = 15) and a group fed naturally DON-contaminated wheat and divided into three sub-groups (each sub-group n = 15), depending on bentonite dose: 0 M -sub-group fed naturally DONcontaminated wheat at a concentration of 3.7 mg kg -1 alone; 2 M -sub-group fed naturally DON-contaminated wheat at a concentration of 3.7 mg kg -1 and bentonite at a concentration of 2 kg 1000 kg -1 ; 0.5 M -sub-group fed naturally DONcontaminated wheat at a concentration of 3.7 mg kg -1 and bentonite at a concentration of 0.5 kg 1000 kg -1 . Results: The DON treatment reduced the length of the femur compared to the control group and reduced the bone weight dependently on the amount of bentonite supplementation. However, DON treatment reduced the MRWT and CI of the femur, irrespective of the bentonite supplementation, compared to the control. The total BTD and BMC decreased in all DON-treated groups (irrespective of the bentonite supplementation). Furthermore, the densitometric analysis showed that the main changes in BMD and BMC indicated bone loss in the proximal and distal parts of bone covering the trabecular bone; whereas when bentonite was given at the dose of 2 kg 1000 kg -1 an increase in the whole BMD and BMC was observed in the femoral midshaft. Conclusion: Analysis of the geometrical parameters seems to indicate that endosteal resorption was delayed after bentonite supplementation. The addition of bentonite diminished the DON action on bone homeostasis in the mink dams. Thus bentonite could prevent DON-induced bone loss in a dose-dependent manner.

DON-induced changes in bone homeostasis in mink dams

“…Similar observation was made by Gibson et al ( 10 ), who found no weight loss in minks fed DON-contaminated feed at concentrations up to 0.62 mg·kg -1 . Opposite effect was noted in our earlier study with mink dams fed a diet containing DON-contaminated grains at the concentration of 3.7 mg·kg -1 , which resulted not only in growth inhibition and weight loss, but also led to reduction of bone length ( 24 ). It is suggested that minks are close in sensitivity to DON to swine, for which guidance level for mycotoxins in feed was set at 0.9 mg·kg -1 ( 10 , 17 ).…”

“…The mechanical endurance depends on the body and bone mass, geometry, microarchitecture, and bone quality as a relationship of the mineralisation and bone matrix. Our study with mink dams exposed to DON at the concentration of 3.7 mg·kg -1 showed that mycotoxins reduced geometric and mechanical endurance as well as bone mineral density ( 24 ). However, neither BMD, as an important indicator of bone strength, nor BTD differed between DON-treated and non-exposed dams in the present study.…”

The influence of different concentrations of feed additive, based on shell rock and bentonite, on the growth, blood and meat parameters of the African black ostrich (Struthio camelus) in south-east Kazakhstan

“…another ingredient that may contribute to a higher growth rate is bentonite. It is known that it exhibits a tonic effect on the gastric mucosa and eliminates mycotoxicity (TOMASZEWSKA et al 2016). Many studies addressing poultry feeding requirements have shown that probiotics can prevent diseases associated with administration of pathogenic organisms, reduce the number of pathogenic organisms recovered from test birds, and reduce shedding of pathogenic organisms (SMITH 2014).…”

Evaluation of Collagen and Elastin Content in Skin of Multiparous Minks Receiving Feed Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) with or without Bentonite Supplementation

“…Collagen present in skin tissue is mainly collagen type I: 75%, type III: 22%, and type V: 3%, so the collagen type I to type III ratio is about 2.5 [33,34]. In our previous works, in which we examined the effect of DON and bentonite on bone mechanical properties in minks, we suggested that malnutrition resulting from the presence of mycotoxicosis in the diet could impaired synthesis of collagen type I [35,36]. Moreover, the effect of mycotoxins (DON, Ochratoxin A) on collagen synthesis was previously observed in studies performed cell lines, showing that mycotoxins can influence the expression of fibrous collagens, including collagen type III [37,38].…”