Benthic Foraminifera in Eastern Bahrain: Relationships With Local Pollution Sources

Abstract

This preliminary study tracks the response of living benthic foraminifera at a polluted site in eastern Bahrain, with the aim to determine the effects of recent anthropogenic pollution on their distribution patterns and morphological deformities. The boat harbor in Askar, Bahrain is subjected to pollution by nutrients, organic matter, and hydrocarbons. Foraminiferal density is found to be higher at the polluted site compared with a nearby unpolluted site, suggesting a possible higher amount of available nutrients for the benthic foraminifera. Seven taxonomical groups were recognized in the polluted transect, including Ammonia, Glabratellina, Murrayinella, Elphidium, Brizalina, miliolids, and peneroplids. By comparing the foraminiferal assemblages with a nearby unpolluted transect, the genus Murrayinella appeared to be a dominant and pervasive taxon, as it was able to proliferate in the organically polluted environment. The results are contradictory to previously published findings on modern foraminiferal assemblages in the Arabian Gulf, as Murrayinella is rarely reported. However, the population of miliolids was drastically reduced at the polluted site due to high organic matter pollution, which might support the sensitive nature of this taxonomic group. In any case, the miliolids can be considered as a pollution proxy for future biomonitoring studies in the region.Keywords: Arabian Gulf, pollution, benthic foraminifera, foraminiferal density, Glabratellina, Murrayinella 970 Arslan M., et al.

Sediment oxygen demand and benthic foraminiferal faunas in the Arabian Gulf: A test of the method on a siliciclastic substrate

“…Although there have been a number of recent studies on benthic foraminifera in the region ( Amao et al, 2019 , Fiorini et al, 2019 , Garrison, 2019 , Kaminski et al, 2021 , Kaminski et al, 2020 ), very little is known about the response of the foraminiferal faunas in the Arabian Gulf to anthropogenic organic enrichment. To date, there has been one study by Arslan et al that investigated the response of benthic foraminifera to organic enrichment in a boat harbor in Bahrain attributed to waste discharge from local fishing vessels ( Arslan et al, 2017 ).…”