Benefits of the Mycorrhizal Fungi in Tomato Leaves Measured by Open Photoacoustic Cell Technique: Interpretation of the Diffusion Parameters

Sánchez-Rocha, S.; Vargas-Luna, M.; Gutiérrez-Juárez, G.; Huerta-Franco, María Raquel; Olalde‐Portugal, Víctor

doi:10.1007/s10765-008-0411-3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The average stylet length of female T. urticae can vary from 103 μm (larvae) to 157 μm (adult females) ( Park and Lee, 2002 ) and it was estimated they can reach between 70–120 μm deep into a plant leaf ( Tomczyk and Kropczynska, 1985 ). A tomato leaflet in turn has a thickness ranging from 150 to 250 μm depending on water status and temperature ( Sekhar and Sawhney, 1990 ; Lechowski et al., 2006 ; Sánchez-Rocha et al., 2008 ). The palisade parenchyma, the cell type mites prefer to eat, of leaflets of 170 μm thick was found to be about 20 μm under the adaxial (upper) surface but nearly 100 μm away from the abaxial (lower) leaf surface ( Bandurski et al., 1953 ; Bensoussan et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile Spider Mites Induce Salicylate Defenses, but Not Jasmonate Defenses, Unlike Adults

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When plants detect herbivores they strengthen their defenses. As a consequence, some herbivores evolved the means to suppress these defenses. Research on induction and suppression of plant defenses usually makes use of particular life stages of herbivores. Yet many herbivorous arthropods go through development cycles in which their successive stages have different characteristics and lifestyles. Here we investigated the interaction between tomato defenses and different herbivore developmental stages using two herbivorous spider mites, i.e., Tetranychus urticae of which the adult females induce defenses and T. evansi of which the adult females suppress defenses in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). First, we monitored egg-to-adult developmental time on tomato wild type (WT) and the mutant defenseless-1 (def-1, unable to produce jasmonate-(JA)defenses). Then we assessed expression of salivary effector genes (effector 28, 84, SHOT2b, and SHOT3b) in the consecutive spider mite life stages as well as adult males and females. Finally, we assessed the extent to which tomato plants upregulate JA-and salicylate-(SA)-defenses in response to the consecutive mite developmental stages and to the two sexes. The consecutive juvenile mite stages did not induce JA defenses and, accordingly, egg-to-adult development on WT and def-1 did not differ for either mite species. Their eggs however appeared to suppress the SA-response. In contrast, all the consecutive feeding stages upregulated SA-defenses with the strongest induction by T. urticae larvae. Expression of effector genes was higher in the later developmental stages. Comparing expression in adult males and females revealed a striking pattern: while expression of effector 84 and SHOT3b was higher in T. urticae females than in males, this was the opposite for T. evansi. We also observed T. urticae females to upregulate tomato defenses, while T. evansi females did not. In addition, of both species also the males did not upregulate defenses. Hence, we argue that mite ontogenetic niche shifts and stagespecific composition of salivary secreted proteins probably together determine the course and efficiency of induced tomato defenses.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile Spider Mites Induce Salicylate Defenses, but Not Jasmonate Defenses, Unlike Adults

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The open photoacoustic cell technique (OPC) is widely used [3,4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], due to its simplicity and low-cost assembly, since the photoacoustic cell is the air cavity of the microphone [22], besides of the sample does not require rigorous preparation. Most theoretical models that describe the PA signal in OPC technique incorporate several physical phenomena, such as thermal diffusion (TD), [8,23] thermal expansion [24], thermoelastic bending (TE), [8,25,26] photobaric effect [27], and plasma waves [28][29][30][31]. According to the material analyzed and experimental conditions, some of these phenomena dominate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic signal with two heating sources: theoretical predictions and experimental results for the open photoacoustic cell technique

Somer

Gonçalves

Moreno

et al. 2020

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A theoretical model for the photoacoustic signal with an analytical solution for the open photoacoustic cell technique is performed. The thermal diffusion (TD) and thermoelastic bending (TE) contributions from the sample and window of the open-cell are considered in the model. The analytical solution was submitted to simulations varying the thermal diffusivity, optical absorption coefficient, thickness and the amplitudes of the TD and TE contributions. The proposed theoretical model was applied to experimental data from different glasses, and quantitative analysis was achieved by calibrating the PA signal based on the TD and TE in an aluminum foil. The results demonstrate the reliability of the analytical solution for determining the thermal diffusivity of the samples.

show abstract

“…The extent of the correlation between the thermal diffusivity and the a͒ Electronic mail: acbento@uem.br. viscosity of the instant corn dry masa flour ͑cornmeal dough, actually a corn flour soaked with water and used for cooking Mexican tortillas͒ was established in the photoacoustic study conducted by Yanez-Limon et al 9 Other interesting PA investigations include some additional properties of biological materials, fungi in tomatoes, 10 emission of ethylene by papaya, 11 and the dependence of thermal diffusivity on the water content in fuel cell membrane such as nafion resin ͓perfluorosulfonic acid/polytetrafluoroethylene ͑Teflon ® ͒ copolymer͔. 12 Another powerful PT method, called PT radiometry ͑PTR͒, was used to directly assess thermal effusivity of several raw agricultural commodities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal diffusivity of periderm from tomatoes of different maturity stages as determined by the concept of the frequency-domain open photoacoustic cell

Velasco

Baesso

Medina

et al. 2011

Journal of Applied Physics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The frequency-domain open photoacoustic cell ͑OPC͒ approach was used to determine room temperature thermal diffusivity of skins ͑pericarps͒ from the raw tomatoes ͑Lycopersicon esculetum Mill.͒ characterized by the three different stages of ripeness ͑from immature-green to a mature-red͒. Periodically interrupted 532 nm laser radiation was used to heat the dry tomato skins, typically 10 mm in diameter and up to 68 m thick; the modulating frequency f varied from 8 to 150 Hz. Initially, a combined OPC-model that takes into account both, the thermoelastic bending and the effect of thermal diffusion ͑TD͒, has been applied. Preliminary results showed that until at least 40 Hz, the effect of TD dominates; above this value the combined model fits the experimental data only poorly. For this reason a less complex OPC-TD approach was applied to all investigated skins instead, which predicts an exponential decrease for the amplitude of measured photoacoustic signal S with increasing f. For a specimen that is simultaneously opaque and thermally thick, S depends on f as Sϳ exp͑−b f 1/2 ͒ where b is a fitting parameter. The S versus f plot enables one to deduce the numerical value for b which, on its turn allows for the assessment of skin's thermal diffusivity ␣. Thermal diffusivities obtained for the immature green, orange, and red skins ͑periderms͒ are 9.9 ϫ 10 −8 m 2 s −1 , 7.2ϫ 10 −8 m 2 s −1 , and 4.6ϫ 10 −8 m 2 s −1 , respectively; the uncertainty was typically 5% of the measured value.

show abstract

Benefits of the Mycorrhizal Fungi in Tomato Leaves Measured by Open Photoacoustic Cell Technique: Interpretation of the Diffusion Parameters

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Juvenile Spider Mites Induce Salicylate Defenses, but Not Jasmonate Defenses, Unlike Adults

Juvenile Spider Mites Induce Salicylate Defenses, but Not Jasmonate Defenses, Unlike Adults

Photoacoustic signal with two heating sources: theoretical predictions and experimental results for the open photoacoustic cell technique

Thermal diffusivity of periderm from tomatoes of different maturity stages as determined by the concept of the frequency-domain open photoacoustic cell

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About