Benefits of inserting support devices in electronic learning environments

Motivation to seek help and help efficiency in students who failed in an initial task

“…Unlike studies exploring help-seeking intentions (e.g., Arbreton, 1998;Bong, 2008Bong, , 2009Middleton & Midgley, 1997;Pajares, et al, 2004) many studies have failed to find a link between mastery goals and actual help seeking operationalized, as in this paper, by decision to seek help (Bartholomé, Stahl, Pieschl & Bromme 2006;Huet, Escribe, Dupeyrat, & Sakdavong, 2011;Martinez-Miron, Harris, du Boulay, Luckin, & Yuill, 2005, Nelson-LeGall & Jones, 1990Stavrianopoulos, 2007). However, a handful of studies conducted in computer-based learning environments, have shown that the more mastery oriented students are, the less help they use (Clarebout & Elen, 2009a, 2009b; Experiment 3). Globally, one of the most important findings between achievement goals and actual help-seeking behaviors are that results are divergent concerning the relationship between Mastery goals and help-seeking behavior.…”

“…Nonadaptive help seeking (especially help avoidance when needed) and/or inefficiency of the use of help have been detected both in the classroom (Good, Slaving, Hobson-Harel, & Emerson, 1987;Newman, 1991;Newman & Goldin, 1990) and in Computer-Based Learning Environments (CBLEs; Aleven, Stahl, Schworm, Fischer, & Wallace, 2003;Clarebout & Elen, 2009b).…”

Why advice on task selection may hamper learning in on-demand education

“…Novices in ondemand education may not have developed the task-selection skills and domain knowledge to handle the environment appropriately (Clarebout & Elen, 2009;Corbalan, Van Merriënboer, & Kicken, 2010;Gay, 1986). They might be unfamiliar with the relevant task-selection aspects to consider for selecting a next task (e.g., quality of performance on previous tasks, invested mental effort) and might omit to combine this information with characteristics of available tasks (e.g., difficulty, available support) to interpret what an appropriate next task would be to select (Van Merriënboer et al, 2006).…”

Planning with graphical overviews : effects on support tools on self-regulated learning

“…She concluded that "there are no right answers on whether LC is beneficial for students and whether a higher degree of LC implied in a computer program improves instructional effectiveness" (p. 68). This is in line with the findings from Clarebout and Elen (2009), who concluded that current research does not demonstrate a clear relation between learner control and increased performance.…”

“…This phenomenon of inconsistencies between intended and actual use of computer tools was also described by Clarebout and Elen (2009). They stated that learners must be knowledgeable and willingly to use a support device.…”