Benefits of a Hospital-Based Peer Intervention Program for Violently Injured Youth

Shibru, Daniel; Zahnd, Elaine; Becker, Marla; N, Bekaert; Calhoun, Deane; Victorino, Gregory P.

doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.05.029

Cited by 104 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…4,15,19,20,22,24 Additionally, 3 of the articles evaluated a previously reported intervention. 14,23,[25][26][27] As such, 7 articles describing 4 interventions are included in this review ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). 14,16,21,23,[25][26][27] All 4 interventions involved youth ranging in age from 10 to 24 years identified either in the ED or in the trauma inpatient service as having been injured by violence.…”

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,23 The premise of this program is that interventions must be "at the right time and with the right person." When a young person visits the hospital with a violent injury, hospital staff summon an "intervention specialist."…”

Section: Study # 4: Oakland California (Caught In the Crossfire)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shibru and coworkers 23 performed a more recent evaluation of the Caught in the Crossfire program. They evaluated the program using a retrospective cohort.…”

Section: Study # 4: Oakland California (Caught In the Crossfire)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Youth violence secondary prevention initiatives in emergency departments: a systematic review

Snider

Lee

2009

CJEM

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Objective: Youth violence continues to trouble Canadians. Emergency department (ED) visits by youth after a violent injury may represent a "teachable moment," and thus secondary violence prevention interventions may be effective. We conducted a systematic review to identify the success rates of any interventions, the populations likely to benefit and the outcome measures used. Data source: We searched 8 databases (i.e., MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the ACP Journal Club, DARE and CENTRAL). Study selection: Studies were included if they described and evaluated an intervention, were health care-based and targeted youth who were injured by violence. Two blinded investigators selected 15 articles from 181 abstracts. After full-text review, 8 articles were excluded, leaving 7 articles from 4 intervention programs. Data extraction: All interventions used ED case management of the violently injured patient. One randomized control trial (RCT) demonstrated a significant reduction in reinjury rates (treatment group 8.1% v. control group 20.3%, p = 0.05). Another small RCT found no statistically significant reductions in repeat violence or service use. One retrospective cohort study demonstrated a lower relative risk (RR) in future criminal justice involvement (RR = 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.99). A retrospective study of pediatric patients with violent injuries found only 1% of these youth returned with injuries as a result of repeat violence. Data synthesis: Although all 4 case management interventions that we reviewed showed promise in the United States, small sample sizes and incomplete follow-up limited their ability to demonstrate significant decreases in reinjury. Conclusion: Future research is necessary to help EDs capitalize on the opportunity to effectively reduce youth violence.

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Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study # 4: Oakland California (Caught In the Crossfire)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shibru and coworkers 23 performed a more recent evaluation of the Caught in the Crossfire program. They evaluated the program using a retrospective cohort.…”

Section: Study # 4: Oakland California (Caught In the Crossfire)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Youth violence secondary prevention initiatives in emergency departments: a systematic review

Snider

Lee

2009

CJEM

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“…7,8 Previous research found that, outside of the ED setting, violence prevention programs demonstrate financial benefit. [9][10][11] The objective of the present article was to report the costs associated with implementing such a program in the ED and the cost to avert violence (ie, peer aggression, peer victimization, violence consequences) among at-risk adolescents (14-18 years old).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost Analysis of Youth Violence Prevention

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Violence is a leading cause of death. The emergency department (ED) can prevent violence through proven interventions; however, these interventions are not broadly implemented. There is little evidence to inform decision-makers of the costs associated with preventing violence. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:We report the costs of a brief violence prevention intervention in the ED. We highlight the economic impact of implementation, showing that brief interventions in the ED are an inexpensive way the health care system can prevent violence in adolescents. abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Effective violence interventions are not widely implemented, and there is little information about the cost of violence interventions. Our goal is to report the cost of a brief intervention delivered in the emergency department that reduces violence among 14-to 18-year-olds.METHODS: Primary outcomes were total costs of implementation and the cost per violent event or violence consequence averted. We used primary and secondary data sources to derive the costs to implement a brief motivational interviewing intervention and to identify the number of self-reported violent events (eg, severe peer aggression, peer victimization) or violence consequences averted. One-way and multiway sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS:Total fixed and variable annual costs were estimated at $71 784. If implemented, 4208 violent events or consequences could be prevented, costing $17.06 per event or consequence averted. Multiway sensitivity analysis accounting for variable intervention efficacy and different cost estimates resulted in a range of $3.63 to $54.96 per event or consequence averted.CONCLUSIONS: Our estimates show that the cost to prevent an episode of youth violence or its consequences is less than the cost of placing an intravenous line and should not present a significant barrier to implementation. Pediatrics 2014;133:448-453

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Medical Treatment Following Violence Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth

2021

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IMPORTANCE Children and youth experience high rates of exposure to violence, which is associated with later poor physical and mental health outcomes. The immediate injuries and impacts from these exposures are often treated in emergency departments and medical offices. OBJECTIVE To characterize, using nationally representative data, the size and characteristics of the child and youth population being seen by medical authorities in the wake of violence exposure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe survey study used a representative sample of children and youth aged 2 to 17 years, from 2 waves (2011 and 2014) of the National Survey of Children Exposed to Violence, drawn from a mix of random digit dialing and address-based sampling.Interviews were conducted (1) over the phone with caregivers of young children or (2) directly with the youth aged 10 to 17 years. Data analysis was performed from September to December 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Violence exposures were assessed with the 53-item JuvenileVictimization Questionnaire, which had follow-up questions that asked about injury and going "to the hospital, a doctor's office, or some kind of health clinic because of what happened." Additional questions were asked about lifetime and past-year childhood adversities and current trauma symptoms using the Trauma Symptom Checklist and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children. RESULTSThe combined 2-survey sample had 5187 children and youth who reported a lifetime violence exposure, of whom 45.6% (95% CI, 43.1%-48.2%) were aged 2 to 9 years, and 54.4% (95% CI, 51.8%-56.9%) were aged 10 to 17 years; 53.6% (95% CI, 51.0%-56.2%) were male. Based on the full sample of 8503 children and youth, 3.4% (95% CI, 2.6%-4.4%) had a violence-related medical visit at some time in their lives. The rate of past-year medical visits due to a violence exposure was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.2%-2.7%), equivalent to a point estimate of approximately 1.4 million children and youth. Of those with medical visits, 33.3% (95% CI, 23.1%-45.4%) were aged 2 to 9 years. Those with a past-year visit had higher levels of trauma symptoms (risk ratio, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.44-2.03) adverse childhood experiences (risk ratio, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.34-2.78) and multiple violence exposures (risk ratio, 3.91; 95% CI, 3.22-4.76) compared with the general sample of children and youth. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThe estimated large number of violence-related visits with medical professionals offers an opportunity to address a source of frequent injury, and provide counseling and referral for a high-risk segment of the population to treat and prevent further physical and mental health and social consequences.

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Benefits of a Hospital-Based Peer Intervention Program for Violently Injured Youth

Cited by 104 publications

References 18 publications

Youth violence secondary prevention initiatives in emergency departments: a systematic review

Youth violence secondary prevention initiatives in emergency departments: a systematic review

Cost Analysis of Youth Violence Prevention

Medical Treatment Following Violence Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth

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