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A review of 45 studies clearly demonstrated that sexually abused children had more symptoms than nonabused children, with abuse accounting for 15-45% of the variance. Fears, posttraumatic stress disorder, behavior problems, sexualized behaviors, and poor self-esteem occurred most frequently among a long list of symptoms noted, but no one symptom characterized a majority of sexually abused children. Some symptoms were specific to certain ages, and approximately one third of victims had no symptoms. Penetration, the duration and frequency of the abuse, force, the relationship of the perpetrator to the child, and maternal support affected the degree of symptomatology. About two thirds of the victimized children showed recovery during the first 12-18 months. The findings suggest the absence of any specific syndrome in children who have been sexually abused and no single traumatizing process.

A framework is proposed for a more systematic understanding of the effects of child sexual abuse. Four traumagenic dynamics--traumatic sexualization, betrayal, stigmatization, and powerlessness--are identified as the core of the psychological injury inflicted by abuse. These dynamics can be used to make assessments of victimized children and to anticipate problems to which these children may be vulnerable subsequently. Implications for research are also considered.

Legal psychology as a field of applied psychology and law mainly focuses on the study, explanation, evaluation, promotion and preventionadvice and / or treatment of all those behavioral and psychological phenomena incurred in the behavior of a person in contexts legal, using proper methods of scientific psychology, develops different levels of intervention and prison psychology, police psychology, psychology of victimhood, forensic psychology, psychology of testimony, inter alia (Garrido, 1994 cited by Quintero & Garcia, 2010). Considering the above, the objective of this work from victimhood psychology approach is to design a program for the betterment of the professional skills of forensic interviewers in the approach to sexual abuse victims in the CAIVAS. We propose to carry out a training program divided into thematic units, which work in knowledge, skills and attitudes corresponding to competencies that should have a forensic interviewer, based mainly on existing competencies in each of the interviewers. This program is primarily a guided at any person, institution or entity in charge sensitive judicial investigations into sexual offenses. The result will be data collection time, manner and place more easily, just as they would minimize the phenomenon of revictimization.

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The variety and scope of children's exposure to violence, crime, and abuse suggest the need for better and more comprehensive tools in clinical and research settings for identifying these experiences and their effects.