Beneficiation of wood sawdust into cellulose nanocrystals for application as a bio-binder in the manufacture of particleboard

Fagbemi, Olajumoke D.; Andrew, Jerome; Sitholé, Bruce

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-02015-6

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…TEM images CNC and SSN analyzed under TEM image analyzer software version 5.0.1 were reported in our previous studies 23,34 . Figure 2 shows the TEM image analysis for 20 counts of CNC and SSN particle sizes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…TEM images CNC and SSN analyzed under TEM image analyzer software version 5.0.1 were reported in our previous studies. 23,34 Figure 2 shows the TEM image analysis for 20 counts of CNC and SSN particle sizes. The rod-like morphology of the CNC particles is evident, with dimensions ranging from 100 to 200 nm in length and 10-20 nm in width.…”

Section: Microstructure Of Ssn and Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellulose nanocrystals and snail shell‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic films: Additive concentration optimization and mechanical properties assessment

Gbadeyan

Fagbemi

Andrew

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study focused on modeling and optimization of the concentration of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), snail shell nanoparticles (SSN), and glycerol for the development of bioplastic films. The response surface methodology using Box-Behnken experimental design was used to investigate the effect of the independent parameters (additives concentrations) on the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of fabricated bioplastic films. A varied ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus with different component loadings was observed, proving the effect of nanoparticles loading effect on the mechanical properties of bioplastic films. The quadratic polynomial model experiment data provided a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.795 for ultimate tensile strength and 0.732 for Young's modulus, evidencing the fitness of the models to pilot the optimization space. The optimum parameters were PVA (7.820%), CNC (1079%), SSN (1241%), and glycerol (2.657%). The ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of 27.2 MPa and 31.2 MPa were obtained for the developed bioplastic film with optimized concentrations of each component. The bioplastic films showed improved thermal stability and degradation. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed a homogeneous dispersion of SSN and CNC in the matrix, which explained the improved properties observed.biomaterials, cellulose and other wood products, morphology, mechanical properties, thermal properties | INTRODUCTIONThe increase in demand for package materials has exponentially raised the production of plastic in recent decades. This plastic is synthetic, semi-synthetic, or bio-based, synthesized from either petrochemical (hydrocarbon) or biomass feedstocks. [1][2][3] The physical properties of plastics, such as being lightweight, make them a perfect fit for food and medicine packaging applications. Consequently, this has led to increased demand for plastic-based packaging

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Microstructure Of Ssn and Cncmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose nanocrystals and snail shell‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic films: Additive concentration optimization and mechanical properties assessment

Gbadeyan

Fagbemi

Andrew

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Among a wide range of crosslinkers, glutaraldehyde (GA) and epichlorohydrin (EC) are the most widely used crosslinking agents in the starch and cellulose industries due to their low toxicity risks and ability to efficiently react in aqueous media (acidic-pH for GA and basic-pH for EC). ,− Both GA and EC are approved for use under rules set by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently, a few studies have explored crosslinking with the use of GA and EC for CNC composites with other polymers. − However, these FDA-approved GA and EC have not been exploited for crosslinking of colloidal CNCs alone ( i.e. , without the use of another polymer in the matrix or as a post-manufacturing treatment).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent Crosslinking of Colloidal Cellulose Nanocrystals for Multifunctional Nanostructured Hydrogels with Tunable Physicochemical Properties

et al. 2022

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Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have shown promise for the development of multifunctional materials for many research communities, ranging from bioresource engineering and biomedical engineering to materials science and engineering. However, accessible hydroxyl (OH) groups on the surface of colloidal CNCs at the (11̅ 0)β/(100)α and (110)β/(010)α facets and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding (H-bonds) between these OH groups account for the instability of self-assembled CNC structures in moist environments, limiting their practical uses to dry media. In this work, accessible OH groups of CNCs were crosslinked using two crosslinkers, that is, glutaraldehyde (GA) and epichlorohydrin (EC), to form nanoparticle-based hydrogels with tunable physicochemical properties. The intensity of the intermolecular H-bonds was controlled by the type and concentration of crosslinkers as well as the CNC concentration. Rheological analyses through the loss tangent were used to determine the degree of crosslinking with maximal values beyond 90%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that H-bond intensity was inversely proportional to the degree of crosslinking for both GA and EC, indicating a dissimilar crosslinking mechanism for GA and EC in acidic and alkaline pH conditions, respectively. Atomic force microscopy and wettability analyses showed a significant increase in the surface roughness from 3.2 ± 0.41 nm (pure CNC) to 31.5 ± 1.08 nm (CNCs crosslinked by GA) and 23.8 ± 0.14 nm (CNCs crosslinked by EC) and water contact angle from 13°(pure CNC) to 108°(CNCs crosslinked by GA) and 104°(CNCs crosslinked by EC). Moreover, optimum water absorption values were found at 157.67 ± 2.01 g and 173.59 ± 1.26 g of water for 1 g of freeze-dried hydrogels for 10% GA and 1% EC, respectively. The results aligned with reaction conditions that led to maximal degrees of crosslinking and indicated the transformation of surface chemistry from a hydrophilic to a hydrophobic network as well as tunable topology and aqueous stability of self-assembled structures made from crosslinked CNCs. This technology demonstrated the potential of crosslinked CNCs with tunable physicochemical properties for use as advanced building blocks to produce 2D and 3D structures for their related functions.

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“…As noted, most studies focus on C, L and H contents in raw SW, but not after pretreatment, which is key for final properties 54,55,57‐61 . In fact, some works do not report data of the initial composition 56 . The only is the case of sulfonated SW 59 in which the products after the isolation of hemicellulose and cellulose during a multi‐product biorefinery process were analyzed 62 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only is the case of sulfonated SW 59 in which the products after the isolation of hemicellulose and cellulose during a multi‐product biorefinery process were analyzed 62 . In this sense, the most recent works focus on obtaining microfibrillated (MFC) 55 and nanocrystalline cellulose 56 from SW residues 54 . These reports include an analysis of the synthesis parameters and their influence on the degree of crystallinity degree, 54,56,59 morphologies, 55,60 conductivity and compressibility 57 as well as yield of hemicellulose 59 and lignin after pretreatment to obtain glucose 61 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of sawdust biomass for biopolymer extraction via green method: Comparison with conventional process

Cárdenas‐Zapata

Palma‐Ramírez

Flores‐Vela

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The valorization of sawdust (SW) biomass by‐product, to extract cellulose through alkali and bleaching processes, including side‐streams to recover hemicellulose and lignin, is performed with the intention of evaluating differences with a proposed green method (GM). The study is developed with the intention of having a process at laboratory scale without leading to the complicated nanoscale processing. This study contemplates a process with scalable characteristics for the future, which contributes to wood processing waste around the world. Particularly, agroindustrial wastes from Durango (SWT1) and Hidalgo (SWT2), local communities of Mexico, were studied. SWT1 and SWT2 samples were processed with ethanol, sodium hydroxide followed by bleaching with sodium chlorite/acetic acid to remove, extractives (E), hemicellulose (H) and lignin (L), respectively. Selected‐SWT2 was processed through a proposed GM using hydrogen peroxide/sodium hydroxide. On the basis of results including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential analysis (TGA/DTG), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering, high heating value, scanning electron microscopy techniques and chemical composition, GM was capable of producing a biomass rich in α‐cellulose (58.0%: SWT2‐C), whereas processed SWT1 and SWT2 through conventional method led to a more percentage of H, β‐ and γ‐C mixtures than α‐polymorphous; 41.0% and 51.0%, respectively. This new method could impact of an important manner to the development of biodegradable thermoplastics. The approximation, from deconvolution of TGA/DTA, led to determine adequately the composition of hemicellulose (SWT1‐C: 51.0%, SWT2‐C: 36.0–0.00%), lignin (SWT1‐C: 17.0%, SWT2‐C: 20.0%) and cellulose (SWT1‐C: 32.0%, SWT2‐C: 44.0%). XRD analysis also indicated that samples contain the following percentage of polymorphous cellulose compounds: SWT1‐C (Type II: 71.3%), SWT2‐C (Type I α: 44.6% and II: 41.4%) and SWT2‐C‐GM (Type II: 38.8%), which confirms that the combination of the type of biomass and the applied pretreatment plays a fundamental role for final applications; in this case, it can be appropriate for elastomers and thermoplastic uses. As a final point, the cellulose composition and thermal stability of both sources is comparable with the commonly used raw material for commercial products.

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Beneficiation of wood sawdust into cellulose nanocrystals for application as a bio-binder in the manufacture of particleboard

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Cellulose nanocrystals and snail shell‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic films: Additive concentration optimization and mechanical properties assessment

Cellulose nanocrystals and snail shell‐reinforced polyvinyl alcohol bioplastic films: Additive concentration optimization and mechanical properties assessment

Covalent Crosslinking of Colloidal Cellulose Nanocrystals for Multifunctional Nanostructured Hydrogels with Tunable Physicochemical Properties

Valorization of sawdust biomass for biopolymer extraction via green method: Comparison with conventional process

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